Earlier quoted context omitted.
Surely your phone is still repeatedly in touch with Google servers because you've got all that Google software on there. Just because you haven't signed in with a google account doesn't mean Google don't know who you are.
It doesn't mean they know who you are, either. That depends on what data is transmitted, what is stored, who has access to it, and what it means philosophically to know who someone is. There is not enough information to say. If there is tracking data associated with a phone but it's not associated with your real name, in what sense can you say they know you? There is a risk someone (who?) can connect it with other da…
My phone has a cellular account with my name attached to it.