Earlier quoted context omitted.
A macOS "app" is just a directory with an executable binary and some convenient helper files for Finder. Dragging it to the trash does not remove artifacts, such as logs, supporting binaries, even methods of persistence, which may get placed somewhere else on the filesystem as part of a typical installation. This is not unique to Zoom or even Apple operating systems.
One thing I'd like to see (and this is definitely doable on macOS side) is that if you trash a .app, the OS would automatically revoke all permissions to it. If this were done then even with the sneaky reinstalling, the user would be alerted by a system dialog requesting access to their webcam.
Read: anyone can write a kernel driver for macOS, you are too trusting of your software vendors. Get a hardware switch