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Equiano, a subsea cable from Portugal to South Africa

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Re: Equiano, a subsea cable from Portugal to South Africa

#21

Earlier quoted context omitted.

What measures are taken to avoid this? I read somewhere that these cable are not actually buried into the ground, but rather lay on top of the ground. That sounds very risky to me?

They are buried only when close to shores or in other high risk areas. There is no point in burying a cable if the sea bed is 3 miles under the surface. There is still danger, from animals biting into the cable (sharks are known to do this). But the cables are wrapped in steel cables so not even a shark should be able to cut through.

> There is no point in burying a cable if the sea bed is 3 miles under the surface.

There is a point, it's just not something we're able to do. You can get the cable onto the sea bed by lowering it from the surface. We know how to get to the surface.

To bury it, you'd need to run a digging operation at the bottom of the ocean.

Re: Equiano, a subsea cable from Portugal to South Africa

#22
post #19

This is great. SA feels quite far away from the rest of the Internet (think 200ms) so anything that helps improve connectivity is a possive. Especially since this might foreshadow a local data center there. Azure has tech there. Google doesn't. Yet

Really? Sometimes when there is a problem with out of SA connectivity the only non-local websites that work are Google and YouTube. I’ve got 20ms ping times so Google must have a point of presence in SA.

I am gonna guess he meant a datacenter for Google Cloud. Google probably has their own points-of-presence for Google and YouTube.

Re: Equiano, a subsea cable from Portugal to South Africa

#23
post #19

This is great. SA feels quite far away from the rest of the Internet (think 200ms) so anything that helps improve connectivity is a possive. Especially since this might foreshadow a local data center there. Azure has tech there. Google doesn't. Yet

Really? Sometimes when there is a problem with out of SA connectivity the only non-local websites that work are Google and YouTube. I’ve got 20ms ping times so Google must have a point of presence in SA.

They have some sort of caching or CDN yes, but you can't spin up a gcp compute instance for example. Ie far away from a full blown cloud region.

Also the presence of local CDN doesn't imply Google presence. Eg the steam servers in SA are hosted by ISPs

Re: Equiano, a subsea cable from Portugal to South Africa

#24

Earlier quoted context omitted.

They are buried only when close to shores or in other high risk areas. There is no point in burying a cable if the sea bed is 3 miles under the surface. There is still danger, from animals biting into the cable (sharks are known to do this). But the cables are wrapped in steel cables so not even a shark should be able to cut through.

> There is no point in burying a cable if the sea bed is 3 miles under the surface. There is a point, it's just not something we're able to do. You can get the cable onto the sea bed by lowering it from the surface. We know how to get to the surface. To bury it, you'd need to run a digging operation at the bottom of the ocean.

...which we're able to do, we do somewhat similar digs for offshore oil all the time, but it's not worth the gargantuan expense. The risk of leaving it exposed is worth it.

Re: Equiano, a subsea cable from Portugal to South Africa

#26
post #6

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Figure out roughly where the problem is (a number of ways of doing this), then send a boat out with a hook to grab the cable off the bottom of the ocean. Pull it up to the surface, fix it, and lower it back down. Incredibly expensive operation, so you want to avoid this if at all possible...

When we're saying incredibly expensive, what are we talking here? $10M repair job?

I googled and found this https://ore.catapult.org.uk/app/uploads/2018/02/Export-Cable...

Costs between £5.3m and £15.5m

Wikipedia has a nice gif of the repair process https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable...

Funny random thing from that. In 1959 the Americans got annoyed by a Russian trawler breaking their cable and complained they'd broken the Convention for the Protection of Submarine Telegraph Cables of 1884. Who'da thought this was going on in 1884?

Re: Equiano, a subsea cable from Portugal to South Africa

#27

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Really? Sometimes when there is a problem with out of SA connectivity the only non-local websites that work are Google and YouTube. I’ve got 20ms ping times so Google must have a point of presence in SA.

I am gonna guess he meant a datacenter for Google Cloud. Google probably has their own points-of-presence for Google and YouTube.

Yes, it does, check out the network tab here: https://cloud.google.com/about/locations/

Re: Equiano, a subsea cable from Portugal to South Africa

#28
post #26

Earlier quoted context omitted.

When we're saying incredibly expensive, what are we talking here? $10M repair job?

I googled and found this https://ore.catapult.org.uk/app/uploads/2018/02/Export-Cable... Costs between £5.3m and £15.5m Wikipedia has a nice gif of the repair process https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable... Funny random thing from that. In 1959 the Americans got annoyed by a Russian trawler breaking their cable and complained they'd broken the Convention for the Protection of Submarine Telegra…

> Who'da thought this was going on in 1884?

It's well-known in Britain, at least. It looks to be part of the science examination taken at age 16 [2].

On your Wikipedia page, the section "British dominance of early cable" [1] describes the early success in this technology.

Last time I was at the Science Museum in London, they had an exhibition on transatlantic cables. I think it's part of the permanent exhibition. [0] [3]

[0] https://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/how-per...

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable...

[2] https://www.bbc.com/teach/class-clips-video/the-invention-of... (video probably only available in the UK).

[3] https://collection.sciencemuseum.org.uk/search/gallery/infor...

Re: Equiano, a subsea cable from Portugal to South Africa

#29

Submarine cables are a mystery to a lot of people. I had to show my dad a complete map of the cables once to convince him they exist. He just couldn’t fathom we’re actually able to run thousands of km of cables at the bottom of the ocean.

I heartily recommend Andrew Blum's book Tubes: Behind the Scenes at the Internet for any non-technical folks interested in the physical infrastructure that makes all that internet magic happen. It's more in the travel memoir/popular history genres than actual engineering, but a very atmospheric layman's introduction. https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/23047146-tubes And of course, if you're ever in SW England, the M…

My favorite Wired article of all time was the 1996 article written by Neal Stephenson all about undersea cables. I can’t believe I was able to find a link, but I may still have the physical copy someplace. That was an amazing example of long form writing and was my introduction to Stephenson.

https://www.wired.com/1996/12/ffglass/

Re: Equiano, a subsea cable from Portugal to South Africa

#30
post #29

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I heartily recommend Andrew Blum's book Tubes: Behind the Scenes at the Internet for any non-technical folks interested in the physical infrastructure that makes all that internet magic happen. It's more in the travel memoir/popular history genres than actual engineering, but a very atmospheric layman's introduction. https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/23047146-tubes And of course, if you're ever in SW England, the M…

My favorite Wired article of all time was the 1996 article written by Neal Stephenson all about undersea cables. I can’t believe I was able to find a link, but I may still have the physical copy someplace. That was an amazing example of long form writing and was my introduction to Stephenson. https://www.wired.com/1996/12/ffglass/

The moment I saw the subject I thought of the same article. It is one of the all time great articles of 'early modern' era of the net.
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