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NASA plans to launch a spacecraft to Titan

theatlantic.com

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Re: NASA plans to launch a spacecraft to Titan

#121

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The data rate from the surface of titan is abysmal. Even with a relay, we won't get much video, but man, I hope we get some.

Don't get your hopes down! It's still very possible that we'll get some good, if not real-time, video out of this!

There will be at least an hour delay. Saturn is pretty far

Re: NASA plans to launch a spacecraft to Titan

#122

A flying drone is a really solid idea for a Titan lander for a couple reasons: * The surface atmosphere density is higher than Earth's (1.5 atm) * Gravitational force is much lower (0.15g) * We don't know a lot about the surface composition or topography, so wheels and motors represent a challenge * Visibility may be poor, making visual navigation tricky (though that's also a problem for a flying vehicle I suppose) I…

How does one test on earth, a drone for a different atmospheric and gravitational environment? Some great drone simulation techniques are going to come out of this project.

No problem. Large atmospheric chamber or controlled wind tunnel. Pump the pressure up or down, change the gas mixtures, whatever. Gravity, partially support the drone's weight. NASA is good at this stuff.

Re: NASA plans to launch a spacecraft to Titan

#123
post #109

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Why is bandwidth so scare still? Satellites in geosynchronous orbit on earth can do terabit/sec of total capacity now. Obviously latency is going to be extremely high, but I can't really understand why data rates are still so low?

Inverse square law. For the same transmit power, your received signal strength diminishes with the square of the distance That received signal strength is what determines channel capacity (C) which is the upper limit on the bit rate you can get. see Friis and Shannon's channel capacity [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friis_transmission_equation [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon%E2%80%93Hartley_theore...

Yes, I get that. But it seems that performance has barely improved since the 1970s despite the massive gains in telecommunication efficiencies since then. Or is the SNR so poor that even 1970s era technology was able to be close to the limit?

Re: NASA plans to launch a spacecraft to Titan

#124
post #121

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Don't get your hopes down! It's still very possible that we'll get some good, if not real-time, video out of this!

There will be at least an hour delay. Saturn is pretty far

10 seconds of video from Titan would change the world. It's shame we don't have this from Mars already. So it would take a few weeks to transmit - we got time.

Now figuring out which 10 seconds to select and send to earth... that'll be interesting. An on-board cache of x GB data storage, with key frames taken every 30 minutes, would probably be able to select some pretty compelling 10 second segments.

Re: NASA plans to launch a spacecraft to Titan

#125
post #63

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The data rate from the surface of titan is abysmal. Even with a relay, we won't get much video, but man, I hope we get some.

From a scientific standpoint, there's really no value in downlinking video as opposed to still images. It costs several multiples worth of scarce downlink bandwidth, for a tiny gain in what there is to see of the same rocks at slightly different angles. Same reason we didn't have New Horizons at Pluto or the various Mars rovers do any video.

There might be some scientific value for taking video. One measurement where video might be valuable is measuring the saltation threshold, or the wind speed at which grains begin to move, of the surface using rotor downwash. These measurements are important to understand the dune pattern on Titan. This could be pretty weird as the dust on titan is believe to be made of something similiar to moth balls, which could stick to each other like packing peanuts due to frictional electrostatic charging.

[0]https://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/TD/td3403/34_03-Lorenz.pdf [1]https://www.news.gatech.edu/2017/03/27/electric-sands-titan

Re: NASA plans to launch a spacecraft to Titan

#126

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I find it kind of funny that you think AWS will still be around in a hundred years.

This paper company was founded 771 AD: https://www.shinise.ne.jp/j_kyoto/voices/vol/48/48-d.html It's not even the longest-lived company in the world. This construction company was founded in 578 AD and continuously operated until 2006 when it was bought by a larger company: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kong%C5%8D_Gumi 100 years ago was only 1919 -- here are some random companies from 1919 that I found on Wikipedia…

The Avedis Zildjian Company, now an American-based cymbal manufacturer, was founded in Constantinople in 1623. Hell, even Nintendo's 123.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avedis_Zildjian_Company

Re: NASA plans to launch a spacecraft to Titan

#127

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No. >> The Pentagon is aware of a Russian test of a nuclear-powered cruise missile but the system is still under development and had crashed in the Arctic in 2017.[17][18][19] A RAND Corporation researcher specializing in Russia said "My guess is they're not bluffing, that they've flight-tested this thing. But that's incredible." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear-powered_aircraft#Russi... https://en.wikipedia.org…

Why bother? Rocket fuel is cheaper than nuclear fuel and rocket missiles can already hit anywhere.

The difference between rocket fuel as a power source and nuclear radioactive decay as a power source is like comparing C4 explosive and a log fire in your fireplace. Once it great for providing a huge, fast release of energy, the other is great for providing a slow, steady release of energy.

Re: NASA plans to launch a spacecraft to Titan

#128
post #17

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In addition to lack of solar energy, I wonder if nuclear power source is necessary to keep batteries or other electronics warm enough to function properly. Conversely, on Titan, we won't need to worry about heat sinks as everything is kept at ~94K in a bath of liquid and frozen methane. Perhaps in a few hundred years AWS's most popular region for intensive compute will be under Titan's methane sea. High spin up cost,…

Hah, I was always intrigued by the idea of placing solar cells on the bright side of Mercury and servers on the dark side. I wonder what other good options might exist in the solar system.

The poles of the moon. Have 3 "legs", and the alternate being the hot and cold areas.

Yes, you need equipment that can swap being hot and cold, but it's a lot easier to get to :)

Re: NASA plans to launch a spacecraft to Titan

#129

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Space travel just makes it utterly clear there is on such thing as real time. Computing is constantly running up against the speed of light.

In a sense tho, at-the-speed-of-light is real time, as it's the maximum speed of anything.

If, as clock A nears the speed of light it appears that stationary clock B is slowing down, doesn't that mean that at the speed of light is no time? Does a photon in a vacuum arrive instantly at its destination? If a photon looks at another photon, does the other photon appear not to be moving at all, or... Ouch my brain.

Re: NASA plans to launch a spacecraft to Titan

#130
post #28

A flying drone is a really solid idea for a Titan lander for a couple reasons: * The surface atmosphere density is higher than Earth's (1.5 atm) * Gravitational force is much lower (0.15g) * We don't know a lot about the surface composition or topography, so wheels and motors represent a challenge * Visibility may be poor, making visual navigation tricky (though that's also a problem for a flying vehicle I suppose) I…

Will this be the first-ever instance of nuclear-powered flight?

NASA has been using nuclear powered probes for 50 years. It is called a redioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG).

https://www.space.com/13709-plutonium-shortage-nasa-planetar...

Unfortunately, there is a shortage of plutonium-238 to run these RTGs (see above story). I guess that will get resolved somehow.

The current Mars Curiosity rover is powered by an RTG. Since this is the first flying (post-landing of course) probe I suppose it will be the first nuclear powered flight of a planetary probe.

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