Earlier quoted context omitted.
I've always gone with title, first name, middle name(s), last name, suffix; all optional (or requiring that at least one of first and last name exists), all representable in Unicode, space allowed but no line breaks, each part no longer than 300 characters. In theory that might not cover everything, but I've never been able to come up with a counter example. Schema.org seems to take a very similar approach. Of course…
Is there any reason not to use a singular field for this? It seems so much simpler to just give the user one input field and it would cover all scenarios.
Even in English the detail view might show George Walker Bush Jr (the legal name as the person might input it), while in the list you have to safe space and revert to George W. Bush. Greeting the person as "Hello George Walker Bush Jr" is silly, you want to say "Hello George" or "Hello Mr. Bush", depending on how formal you want to be.
In languages such as Japanese you might end up generating honorifics on the fly. You can't do that if you can't parse the name.