> govt run mobile payments infrastructure that is literally a free Stripe+Paypal+Venmo+Alipay
UPI or Unified Payments Interface. I cannot stress how innovative this payment mode is.
* No risk of fraud (can't approve a transaction without a PIN on your mobile) - fraud as in card cloning, malware infected websites running off with card details. Does not preclude social engineering where users fall into clever tricks.
* no privacy issues yet (money is directly debited from account without a mastercard/visa involved)
* anyone can make a UPI app (all banks have their own, Google Pay, Paytm, PhonePe etc)
* no cards to duplicate
* you can manage multiple VPAs on one account, so I can create different identities for different purposes all debiting money from one account.
Exceptions - UPI still doesn't support recurring payments or subscriptions and some other cases.
But as a regular consumer, I find plastic outdated. I've never used WeChat/AliPay so can't comment on that but the only time I have to use a credit card is when I have to pay international companies (DO, GSuite etc) in USD/EUR.
EDIT - expanded on kinds of fraud.