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The avocado is an evolutionary anachronism

smithsonianmag.com

11–20 of 64 posts

Re: The avocado is an evolutionary anachronism

#11
post #5

Could it be possible that avocados were just smaller then and are only the size they are now because they have been bred by humans? I didn't see any mention of avocado fossils or remains.

If it was artificial selection, wouldn't the nut be smaller? All cultured fruit has really small nuts/seeds.

You can only go so fast when it takes 10 to 15 years to see what you got. They also don't breed true, so lots of those plants will produce uninteresting fruits.

Trees like oaks have the potential to be great producers of crops but have largely eluded cultivation, because they take decades to fruit for the first time.

Re: The avocado is an evolutionary anachronism

#12

Could it be possible that avocados were just smaller then and are only the size they are now because they have been bred by humans? I didn't see any mention of avocado fossils or remains.

Given it mentions Cenozoic, etc. I assume there is a fossil record. Leaves, wood, seeds - all definitely fossil-worthy.

Re: The avocado is an evolutionary anachronism

#13
post #6

It's never been 100% clear to me what the accepted timeline of human inhabitation of the American continents was, but it seems clearly possible (or likely?) that humans and other megafauna existed close together. Given that fact, it's entirely possible that the plant (and the others mentioned) were cultivated by human, and one megafauna was replaced by another.

I’m pretty sure the consensus is that humans wiped them out.

The fate of one of Daenerys' dragons in Game of Thrones comes to mind. A real good look at ecology and evolution really reveals how fragile everything really is.

Re: The avocado is an evolutionary anachronism

#14
Here's a way to view evolutionary theory: a plant that is extremely tasty becomes cultivated, and protected by the species that eats it. As a result, the plant prospers.

This actually has a name - Mutualism. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutualism_(biology) for example.

Re: The avocado is an evolutionary anachronism

#15
> The fruit had a larger pit and less flesh than today’s avocados, but it really served as a quick snack for big mammals like the mammoth... How the avocado still exists in the wild after surviving its evolutionary failures remains a puzzle. But once Homo sapiens evolved to the point where it could cultivate the species, the fruit had the chance to thrive anew. Back when the giant beasts roamed the earth, the avocado would’ve been a large seed with a small fleshy area—less attractive to smaller mammals such as ourselves.

I don't see the puzzle at all.

13,000 years ago yes humans hunted and killed off the megafauna. But they wouldn't be agriculturalists yet for thousands more years -- they still hunted and gathered. Avocados had a lot less fruit to them (since cultivation wasn't a thing yet), but that was true of many, probably most, wild fruits and vegetables at the time. Humans ate them all despite how they had less flesh -- they just ate more of them I guess. (And it's not like the avocado was more attractive to a mammoth than a person...) And so humans would have presumably been distributing the seeds as they took home sacks of them and some fell out, or they dumped leftover pits somewhere else in the forest.

The fact that avocados became cultivated in the first place almost certainly implies we were eating them already, and therefore transporting their pits often enough too.

I don't understand on what basis the author can assume humans weren't eating the original avocados...???

Re: The avocado is an evolutionary anachronism

#19

> The fruit had a larger pit and less flesh than today’s avocados, but it really served as a quick snack for big mammals like the mammoth... How the avocado still exists in the wild after surviving its evolutionary failures remains a puzzle. But once Homo sapiens evolved to the point where it could cultivate the species, the fruit had the chance to thrive anew. Back when the giant beasts roamed the earth, the avocado…

And couldn't a new world monkey simply carry the avocado somewhere else to eat it?

Does it have to pass through the gut?

Re: The avocado is an evolutionary anachronism

#20

Here's a way to view evolutionary theory: a plant that is extremely tasty becomes cultivated, and protected by the species that eats it. As a result, the plant prospers. This actually has a name - Mutualism. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutualism_(biology) for example.

Also, don't get too caught up in the idea of Avocado in the popular way - don't think about Guac and Avocado Toast.

It has a "higher fat content than most other fruit, mostly monounsaturated fat, and as such serves as an important staple in the diet of consumers who have limited access to other fatty foods (high-fat meats and fish, dairy products)." to quote Wikipedia.

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