I love these homebrew CPU projects. I saw one one in person and was amazed (and impressed by the insane dedication as well as the madness of wire-wrapping 1970s-era TTL components into a CPU) - then a year later I saw two of them!! Then I saw a third.
I believe the first two I saw were MAGIC-1 and BMOW (Big Mess o'Wires). I also really liked the MOnSter 6502, a beautiful board-level reimplementation of the 6502 in surface-mount discrete components, with LEDs on the data lines and optional slow/single-step clocking.
Also relevant: the nand2tetris.org course, and Niklaus Wirth's TRM/RISC-3 (not to be confused with Berkeley RISC-I or modern RISC-V) FPGA implementation. Notably TRM/RISC-3 is incredibly simple but can run the whole Oberon system.
In the modern era, I think FPGAs are the killer platform for computer architecture experimentation. There are multiple free MIPS implementations for FPGA and of course there is great OS/compiler support for MIPS.