Transgenerational inheritance is what this is technically called, and is a contentious topic about whether or not it exists in humans and to what degree. There's been studies from people who's grandparents have gone through famine and those grandchildren tend to be shorter or leaner than those who haven't, but AFAIK these are just associations and nothing causal has been found in humans to suggest what happens to you might affect your grandchildren. That being said, being exposed to pollution is not going to be great for your sperm or eggs.
And I know you are worried about what the next generation breathes, but consider that what you were exposed to was much worse, and what your parents were exposed to was worse still, and if your grandparents lived in cities they experienced awful pollution, second only to perhaps what your great grandparents may have been exposed to during the industrial revolution. Air quality has gotten better than it was in 1980 and much better than 1880, but there is still a long way to go to reset the damage of rampant consumer culture on our environment and health.