Earlier quoted context omitted.
Yes they cannot get anything from a modern iOS device. But they can still (for now) use a warrant to get anything from iCloud. Apple is working on making even that impossible.
It depends on whether it's end-to-end encrypted or not. Unfortunately only some iCloud data is, not all of it (nor is there an option for all of it), but they have been slowly expanding the magic circle there. Health data is a recent addition actually, according to Apple's iCloud security page (HT202303) it is E2E as of iOS 12. Before that it presumably would have been available via warrant, but if someone has all th…
Clearly they could still go significantly further, as the lack of end-to-end encryption for things like iCloud backups of photos demonstrates.
Another black mark against them for now is their persistence in walling off their ecosystem so much that iCloud (or maybe iTunes running on additional Apple equipment) is the only reasonably usable and future-proof method of transferring data between devices. It really should be possible to import and export common types of data like calendars, photos, contacts and notes in standard formats using standard protocols, and it's clearly a deliberate policy not to support this.
Even so, the world of iOS now appears to be in an entirely different class to the Android ecosystem in terms of privacy and data protection. At least with Apple devices, you can (if you're willing to spend an hour or so toggling settings) basically turn off all of the data sharing and remote services if you just want a modern phone with standard communications tools like web and email available. And at least Apple doesn't have an obvious commercial interest in undermining its own devices' privacy safeguards.