In my experience with several
big organizations (20,000+ employees), they tend to have a home-grown application to track ownership of resources (assets) - including source code (repositories), and servers, databases, scheduled jobs (in autosys or suchlike).
Generally each of these entities is grouped into some bucket for an application / "system" / business area, and then that bucket has a few owners assigned, and also other non-ownership roles assigned (developer role can check in code to those repos, prod support role can log into the servers owned by the bucket, etc).
It's generally heavily integrated with an LDAP directory, HR system to handle joiners and leavers, and also change management (Developers can only ssh to a production host during the change window of a change for that bucket).
These home-grown apps are generally old and clunky (written for IE6, with piecemeal improvements since then, that kind of thing), but hard to replace because they're integrated with so many other applications.
I tend to think that this would be a good opportunity for some (startup) to do a great job of this as an off-the-shelf product, with good integrations with Linux + Windows authentication, an API, nice web app, etc - it would be very easy to do better than the in-house systems filling this niche.