Earlier quoted context omitted.
We don't really have probably cause in that sense in the UK. Any driver can be stopped at any time purely to check documents if required - police don't need to have a reason.
Probable cause is used to search the car. Police can't randomly search cars. However in order to target areas with minorities who are involved with drugs, they use police dogs that can supposedly sniff drugs. But the dogs really just read their handlers and bark when their handlers want them to. Police can stop anyone at any time for documents. /papers please Recently in Canada a driver was charged for distracted dri…
Police can use reasonable grounds to search and they don't need a dog to alert to give them those reasonable grounds.
The dogs, if used, in the UK probably are sniffing actual drugs.
Here's some legal information: https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/scotland/law-and-courts/le...