The main reason US cities rely on automobiles is because the "job watershed" of a private automobile exceeds the job watershed of train systems everywhere in the US, even New York City. The job watershed is the number of jobs within commuting distance, whatever your tolerance for a commute is, given a transportation modality. In some cities the automobile job watershed is 100x larger than the transit job watershed. T…
Rail does better when congestion is high and density is high, but in most of America high density or even medium density is either illegal to build or requires so much parking because of zoning that it does not pencil out financially.
The quickest thing America could do to encourage dense construction is to stop the requirement of parking with new construction. Developers do not need to be told a minimum to build, they will build what the market will bear because if they underpark their buildings no one will rent units or office space.