We can "No True Scotsman" this all day long.
It is bad management to hire incompetent engineers.
It is bad management to fire competent engineers that push back.
It is bad management to make employees feel as though they would be fired for standing up in any way to management.
Take away the rhetorical shortcuts, and responsibility still always falls at the feet of the ones that have the power to make the decision. As long as engineers are hierarchically bound to obey managers upon pain of sudden and unplanned unemployment, the managers are ultimately responsible for everything the company does. If the company does not have tenured engineers that have stop work authority, the managers are fully to blame. And if they do, management still might be partially at fault.
We have this headcanon where a competent engineer could stand up, sweep away the slide deck on screen with a wave of the hand, and offer ironclad mathematical proof that the quick fix is no fix at all, and that the long, painful, but correct fix is what is Right for the Company (tm). The manager would then do the slow clap and tell that engineer to fix it right this time. It is a fantasy that is a great comfort to those of us doing maintenance work on a massive crock of shit, making the payments on technical debt that we are expressly forbidden from making any attempts to retire. But it is a fantasy. A real manager would cut the engineer off in mid-proof and say that the quick fix is happening, and that would be the end of the story.
The only way for an engineer that is "at will" and without a contract to push back is by falling on their own sword. They can quit, at great cost to themselves, to create a very minor inconvenience to the company, who will end up doing what it wanted anyway.
Being in this situation myself, you're damned right I have no responsibility for the crap code that goes out, because I have almost no autonomy in the manner in which I do my job. I cannot work outside the scope of the maintenance tickets I am assigned. And my company rents me out by the hour to the customer, so it has negative incentive to allow me to build up infrastructural capital that would allow me to do the same work in less time. I will blame management all day long, and then a bit more on evenings and weekends.