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Should Mental Disorders Have Names?

blogs.scientificamerican.com

51–60 of 108 posts

Re: Should Mental Disorders Have Names?

#51
post #31
post #19

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I can only imagine the frustration you are describing, but I still wonder if the blame is really on the doctors or the branch of medicine. Is there a better alternative?

The first thing you need to ask is are we, collectively, seeing an improvement or a deterioration of aggregate mental health? And how does this compare and contrast against nations where pharmacological treatment of illness is less and, if such a thing exists, more common? In other words is what we are doing better than nothing? The answer to this question is not always yes, because it's entirely possible that in the…

I don't disagree with your basic point, but that's a huge correlation bias. Why would a country with little mental illness introduce these medications?

Re: Should Mental Disorders Have Names?

#52
post #29

Just imagine a doctor telling you what ICD code you have. There's nothing wrong with classification and labeling things. I think society is getting a little carried away with such topics. Personally, I think it's a phase that collectively we'll pass and reflect on how extreme we took things in order to try and obtain balance. There's a difference in calling someone "crazy" vs saying they have a mental disorder. The m…

For me one of the issue of the current names is that their definition change too much depending on the context and the person interpreting them. For instance if you say someone your arm is 'broken', they understand something is deeply damaged (not just fissured). They might not know the specifics on how it broke, where exactly, how you are healing it or how it impacts you, but they know the basic criticality of it. I…

Could the same not be said of a broken arm? - for instance, an incomplete fracture may heal on its own after being immobilised for a few weeks, whereas a severely comminuted fracture may require surgical intervention.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_fracture#Classification

Re: Should Mental Disorders Have Names?

#53

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> Labels determine what mental models we use when trying to intercede in a problem. Different labels get very different reactions and treatment modes. I think he ever-so-briefly touched on a different angle of that problem: " The psychoanalysts don’t like it because it ignores the “unique milieu of individuality.” The more biologically-oriented clinicians don’t like it because it ignores biology. The DSM lacks “valid…

I understand that cancer may have similar characteristics. All cancers are similar in that they are uncontrolled cell division, but the causes, symptoms, treatments, and characteristics of every cancer can be very different.

Exactly. It's often useful to have a label to describe a set of symptoms that you see occurring together over and over again, even if they don't always have the same root cause. The problem is when doctors mistake the existence of a label for understanding.

Re: Should Mental Disorders Have Names?

#54
I personally think this is a great sort of walk-through of the pitfalls of the strictly DSM-based approach. I don’t necessarily see it as something that particularly reflects this guy. If he wanted to create a new diagnostic approach to include people who are, in a sense, indistinguishable from the patient population of strictly DSM-V bipolar that would be its own study. In addition to the above, and a host of other matters, this article does demonstrate something about how diagnosis and diagnostic approaches greatly influence how we understand, classify, and teach psychiatry, psychology, medicine, and other clinical fields. Plus, it presents some things about practitioners understanding of patients and clinical priorities in patient visits can be so structured by these approaches, research based on them, even conventional clinical wisdom structured by them, and so on. They cause a ripple effect, and one that influences clinical and academic practice in a sufficiently complex and opaque way. So, even clinical providers, academics who try to radically depart from these approaches are still quite effected by it.

That said, the point I really want to reach is that it’s my opinion—and there is a body of academic work within and about many clinical fields on this matter— that the longevity of these diagnostic approaches and their bases, the categorization of disorders, how clinical fields themself are taught, how priorities are set in the clinic is owed and hugely influenced by the necessity (and the hegemony) of US insurance coding, especially as it relates to prescription drugs. I’m not insisting that prescriptions, or necessarily any of this is inherently negative in it’s effects, just that insurance coding as it is, health insurance in the US as it is, has (sometimes quite extreme) far reaching influence over essentially every aspect of clinical practice, research practices. At least that’s my opinion/conclusion/interest in this article.

Re: Should Mental Disorders Have Names?

#55

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Would you rather: "This just isn't working." "Okay, well we tried." Once you're in the "this isn't working" phase of your story, shit is pretty dire. Hard to blame the caregiver for trying something else.

Honestly, yes. The solution to something not working is seldom to increase its complexity and/or double or triple down on it. Bad treatments often exacerbate or inflict the symptoms they're supposed to correct.

It's a difficult one because sometimes it _does_ help people. 50mg of sertraline does nothing (other than making me sleep less, thus aggravating the base symptoms), 200mg made me feel sick for a week, but after that I'm noticeably better (OCD).

Re: Should Mental Disorders Have Names?

#56
The conclusion of the article raises a great question. Wouldn't it be more valuable to diagnose based on quantitative criteria instead of binary answers to extremely complex questions? I'd love to hear an opinion from a SCID practitioner.

Re: Should Mental Disorders Have Names?

#57

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> Labels determine what mental models we use when trying to intercede in a problem. Different labels get very different reactions and treatment modes. I think he ever-so-briefly touched on a different angle of that problem: " The psychoanalysts don’t like it because it ignores the “unique milieu of individuality.” The more biologically-oriented clinicians don’t like it because it ignores biology. The DSM lacks “valid…

I understand that cancer may have similar characteristics. All cancers are similar in that they are uncontrolled cell division, but the causes, symptoms, treatments, and characteristics of every cancer can be very different.

But we don't have that level of knowledge yet when it comes to schizophrenia. The closest I can get to such an absolute is "all schizophrenia cases are similar in that they manifest as sensory inputs uncorrelated to the outside world", but that isn't really a useful classification -- that description is based on symptoms, not on causes.

Re: Should Mental Disorders Have Names?

#58
post #3

Us humans certainly prefer to put boundaries and names on things. And indeed, it is often unwise i.e. with (one of our) species definitions: A can procreate with B, B can with C but A cannot with C, meaning A==B, B==C but A!=C, a paradox because of our tendencies. Could it be a cultural thing? While I grow older I find it more natural to think of things as continuous or to assign uncertainty to "facts", but perhaps o…

I agree with much of what you say. I've heard it said that education is a series of increasingly small lies. If you started teaching the whole truth and nothing but, from a young age, the student would fail to grasp the big picture and the broad connections in the way the world works. When you let something go, it drops. Well, unless it's lighter than air. And it doesn't drop, it attracts to the Earth. And actually,…

Nice way of putting it. Yesterday morning my son asked how humans came to be and I ended up stuttering that perhaps at some point some molecule of unspecified complexity gained the ability to replicate at which point it became subject to natural selection based on descent with modification... You get the problem. Better say: It started with simple life and the best ones (sometimes more complex ones) ended up in the next generation. FFWD 3.5 billion years and voila. It's a bit of a lie because "what's life, what's before that, what's best, what's fitness" etc. But it works. I keep having problems with this though, but yeah, what to say to someone without any grasp of cells or DNA or "1 billion years", do even grasp it "correctly"??... Man, speak about rabbit holes. I didn't even start on evolution on the population level.. I see my son loosing interest during my explanation, while I get more and more enthusiastic. It's a hard problem.

Re: Should Mental Disorders Have Names?

#59
post #21
post #6

I'm skeptical as hell of the entire field of psychotherapy, psychology, psychiatry, and cog sci. I think we're doing better than before, sure, but it's all such a shit show from my perspective as a participant. Rambles: Back in highschool we had a massively depressed friend. They tried it all with her: cognitive behavioral therapy, drugs (ALL OF THEM), weed, religion. Tough love. Exercise. Diet. Nothing cured her and…

> Human genome, done. The main takeaway from the Human Genome Project was that we understand less about DNA now than we thought we did in 1999.

I read another article yesterday that even our most basic assumption, that all cells in a body share the same DNA, may not even be true: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/02/190215135835.h...

Re: Should Mental Disorders Have Names?

#60

The root issue here is finding some path forward for helping people. Psychiatry, psychology etc aren't doing a great job with that. He tries to determine what has happened historically but not why. Why was this guy using drugs starting at age ten? What led up to that? Shouldn't it be classified as a parenting failure, not a "disorder" on his part? What was the history with the father? Perhaps assaulting his father wa…

>He tries to determine what has happened historically but not why.

The biggest advance in the history of psychotherapy was to stop asking why and start asking what and how.

The psychoanalysts broadly believed that mental disorders could be treated by revealing and resolving unconscious conflicts and forgotten childhood memories. That's a very slow process, and eventually randomised controlled trials would demonstrate that it wasn't particularly effective.

Rational emotive and cognitive behavioural therapists essentially argued I don't care why you're nuts, I just want to teach you how to be less nuts. If you have habitually fearful or negative thoughts, you can learn to disregard those thoughts as unhelpful and consciously replace them with more useful thoughts. Knowing who to blame for your cognitive bugs doesn't really help you fix them. Aaron T. Beck had the good sense to subject his psychotherapeutic approach to randomised controlled trials, demonstrating that a relatively short course of cognitive behavioural therapy was at least as effective as several years of psychoanalysis.

Psychiatry, clinical psychology and psychotherapy undoubtedly has a lot of shortcomings and there are a lot of patients we don't yet know how to treat effectively. A far bigger problem however is lack of access - the vast majority of people who could benefit from psychiatric medicine simply don't get treated. In the developed world, it's usually fairly easy to get prescribed medication, but there are often long waits or financial barriers to access psychotherapy. In the developing world, most people can't even access SSRIs despite the cost being around $1 a month. Stigma and a lack of awareness are still a substantial barrier to accessing care.

We need better treatments, but the priority right now must be simply to get more people to try the treatments we do have. Trying a treatment with a 40% success rate is obviously better than doing nothing, but nothing is still the default and it's causing immense amounts of needless suffering.

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