If you want people to keep their notes in it, it's going to have to advertise stability and longevity. Ruthlessly cut dependencies/requirements and avoid using features that may change under you as time goes on. Use a simple data-store built with common tech (json, sqlite, straight text files, etc) so people can get to their data even if your code disappears off the face of the Earth one day.
For the frontend, then, we're talking tables and forms. Really simple lowest-common-denominator stuff. Design the API before touching any of the code - that's the only place where "without pulling the entire DB at page load" can happen. Build the backend in something with a safe, stable standard lib or core ecosystem, python or common lisp or the like.
Of course, those are ultimately stretch goals. Like another commenter here said, use whatever you're most comfortable with. On the vast majority of software projects the biggest obstacle is the programmer. I can't really help there because I don't know what you're familiar with. Sorry. Good luck.