Article doesn't say how far it typically has to travel. Traveling quarter mile, no big deal. Traveling 10 miles, much more expensive.
Seems to be about 3 miles from most of the launch pads to the VAB, so about 377 gallons for a one-way trip ( http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/nasafact/count3teaf.htm ) The crawler can travel about 1 MPH loaded; the tour guide at KSC (at least when I was there several years ago) made a big deal about the blazing 2 MPH it can do when unloaded. :)
Why the three mile distance? Back during the Apollo program, engineers determined that if the Saturn V were to explode on the launch pad, the resulting fireball would be around four or file miles in diameter. I think it's a similar radius for the Shuttle as well.