I was in India last month after being away for over 2 decades. Visited Calcutta for the very first time. Our Driver and Tour Guide at the Taj took us around the city and told us about a lot of history about the City. At one point he said that over 1 million people live on the sidewalks (called footpaths) in Calcutta. I have seen abject poverty in India while growing up there, but not to this level. There are generations of Indians living on the sidewalks next to each other, from Grandpa to Grandson. They eat, cook, shower and sleep all in a 4 or 5 Sq Foot area.
Towards the end of our trip, we visited Queen Victoria’s Memorial Hall. There was a small Museum in 1 corner of that Palace, which had photos and newspaper stories about Calcutta from the time the East India Company arrived to the time they left.
There, I learned that Calcutta was the Capital of the British Raj in India for a very long time. One of the plaques in that museum gave the reasoning for the British Raj for choosing Calcutta as the Capital. Apparently Calcutta was the richest city in India when the East India company arrived. It was flush with natural resources, grains and wealth accumulated by the Rajas and Indian Kings who ruled before. By the time moved their Capital from Calcutta to Delhi and then left India few years later, they’d plunders everything from that City.
Ask any Indian about Calcutta and the first thing they’ll say is how dirty and piss-broke it is. But most don’t know why it is so. I attribute the state of this once great city directly to the British Raj robbing it blind over a century or two.