I have trouble with the following statement. Complete flexibility is a bad thing? If I accept that how is limiting options to 30 not providing too much flexibility? "Limits & standards. With normal CSS, I can make any element any width I want. For me, this is not a good thing! With tailwind, there are only 30ish options for width"
Imagine that your designer puts together a design system built on a soft grid. The rules in the design system are what ensure consistency across the site.
If you have a team of developers, sooner or later you'll manage a junior dev who interprets the design as a pixel perfect layout, and starts defining widths on elements per their own personal interpretation. Maybe they eyeball it, maybe they measure it, maybe they measure it but don't include the border.
You can catch such things through training and code review, but it puts the burden of managing design consistency on a senior engineer. Starting out with a constrained system is one easy way to ensure consistency of design across large projects.