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Making sense of the alleged Supermicro motherboard attack

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Re: Making sense of the alleged Supermicro motherboard attack

#151
post #65

I think the attacks are real. A year ago, Google announced their Titan firmware security chip[1], which would limit these kinds of attacks. I don't believe they designed and built this chip, and surrounding infrastructure, because of purely theoretical attacks. Besides that, over the last couple years there has also been a lot of work trying to neuter the Intel ME, because of how dangerous it is. Another example is t…

It's just my opinion, and so I held off saying, yesterday, but: The immediate economic outfall (co-morbid with institutional panic) would be so severe that this aspect alone would represent a national security issue.

Supermicro stock dipped down to 50 % or so (20->10).

Re: Making sense of the alleged Supermicro motherboard attack

#152
I think the board that is pictured by Bloomberg is just an illustration.

For example, Elemental never used that board. See my tweets here for the actual specs: https://twitter.com/hugelgupf/status/1048160794565861377?s=1...

Elemental boards come with GPUs. The blade pictured has neither GPUs nor PCIe.

Re: Making sense of the alleged Supermicro motherboard attack

#153

Earlier quoted context omitted.

It's as hard to imagine as the NSA's surveillance systems. I.e., it's not. The lesson of the Snowden leaks is clearly this: if it can be imagined, and it can be useful, and they have the budget, and it's remotely doable, then it's been done. China almost certainly did this because they could. You only get one chance to do something like this, so you have to do it even if it risks losing the ability to do it in the fu…

It's not that you get one chance to do something like this, it's that there is one total chance to do something like this. After it's been discovered, it's much harder to do it again for everyone - so if you never do it, then you don't get the benefit and Russia or USA or someone else does that and gets the benefit and you still lose the ability to do it in the future.

The second generation chips mentioned in the Bloomberg article were fitted inside the plastic of the motherboard. I don't think it's a stretch to imagine that such chips might be really difficult to spot. And if they aren't the natural next step for a nation state is to build an xx billion dollar fab factory and produce smd "resistors" that contain one of these chips.

I think the real trick is a real covert channel that's hard to find both analytically and via stastics/machine learning.

Re: Making sense of the alleged Supermicro motherboard attack

#154
post #65

I think the attacks are real. A year ago, Google announced their Titan firmware security chip[1], which would limit these kinds of attacks. I don't believe they designed and built this chip, and surrounding infrastructure, because of purely theoretical attacks. Besides that, over the last couple years there has also been a lot of work trying to neuter the Intel ME, because of how dangerous it is. Another example is t…

I would really hope that this will give all the RISC-V open source effort some traction in the server / DC market. Certainly big corporations like Google, Facebook, Amazon and others could pull it off.

What’s the difference if that open source risc is manufactured in the same Chinese plant?

Re: Making sense of the alleged Supermicro motherboard attack

#155

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Thank you for the insight. I was rather naively imagining that every board is subject to some kind of x-ray image matching with the original PCB design to find differences. Not that simple, I see.

Some manufacturers do X-ray boards. Typically this is done to check that BGA devices ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_grid_array ) are soldered properly. Usually not done on every board, but only if there's a problem suspected. When it happens they tend to focus only on particular BGA components or suspect copper traces rather than the whole PCB.

I'm guessing the answer is obviously yes that this type of x-ray would easily be able to discover / distinguish something the size of what's been described? (1mm x 2mm from what I've seen thus far?)

Re: Making sense of the alleged Supermicro motherboard attack

#156

QSPI has 4 data lines, a clock and a chip-select line. In order to intercept a QSPI bus, you would therefore need 4+1+1+2xpower lines = 8 pins. This is not sufficient for QSPI. Single SPI on the other hand requires Clock, Data, ChipSelect, Ground & Power = 5 lines, so that would be plausible. (Yes, I know you can potentially get rid of the CS line, but that depends on what else is on the bus).

You need two lines - data/ground, or data/Vdd. Probably whichever gives you voltage when idle.

You harvest power when data is idle. CS is irrelevant. The rough clock speed is fixed, and you can match the precise timing from the data line. QSPI actually gets you access to data in both directions with the tradeoff of only getting one quarter of the bits.

Logically, you likely only need to recognize a few patterns that are each say 30 bits long. If you could shrink this down, it would look exactly like a boring pullup.

Re: Making sense of the alleged Supermicro motherboard attack

#157

Earlier quoted context omitted.

It's as hard to imagine as the NSA's surveillance systems. I.e., it's not. The lesson of the Snowden leaks is clearly this: if it can be imagined, and it can be useful, and they have the budget, and it's remotely doable, then it's been done. China almost certainly did this because they could. You only get one chance to do something like this, so you have to do it even if it risks losing the ability to do it in the fu…

It's not that you get one chance to do something like this, it's that there is one total chance to do something like this. After it's been discovered, it's much harder to do it again for everyone - so if you never do it, then you don't get the benefit and Russia or USA or someone else does that and gets the benefit and you still lose the ability to do it in the future.

The second generation chips mentioned in the Bloomberg article were fitted inside the plastic of the motherboard. I don't think it's a stretch to imagine that such chips might be really difficult to spot. And if they aren't the natural next step for a nation state is to build an xx billion dollar fab factory and produce smd "resistors" that contain one of these chips.

I think the real trick is a real covert channel that's hard to find both analytically and via stastics/machine learning. Which is stil high enough bw.

Re: Making sense of the alleged Supermicro motherboard attack

#158
post #94

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> Why wouldn’t a company notice any of the outbound traffic using firewalls? This is telling you that your experience is limited, not that the story is wrong. Trying to do egress filtering at scale is extremely hard for all but the most basic threats. If they open a socket to data-collector.pla.cn, yes, probably a majority of large shops would notice that within a few months but what if it's just a connection to S3/E…

General practice for things like BMC and other out of band control systems is to put them on isolated vlans and default deny any non-approved traffic. There is no way that any large tech company security operation misses this traffic phoning home from a management vlan.

BMCs can often also communicate on the other non-dedicated ports. It is not impossible for a compromised BMC to see traffic on an ethernet port or change its VLAN and go out on the same VLAN as the rest of the normal traffic.

Re: Making sense of the alleged Supermicro motherboard attack

#159

I really hope that this is the straw that breaks the back of all these "management engines" Like seriously, why does my hobby consumer motherboard need that feature? Corp IT only ever deploys to large fleets of OEM machines.

Take a look at ASpeed (BMC supplier) stock movement: https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/5274.TWO/chart?p=5274.TWO

That movement seems to have started about two weeks ago. I don't think it's related to this news.

Re: Making sense of the alleged Supermicro motherboard attack

#160
post #88
post #30

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Cloud instances are generally firewalled off from each other, usually cross-account, vpc, etc. Two machines can't reach each other just because they're AWS instances. That would be silly.

The attacker and target have VMs on the same hardware. The attacker has a fake presence serving cat pics which is constantly sending “valid” logging traffic to an S3 bucket. The chip passes the stolen data between the VM instances by DMA. The stolen data hitches a ride inside an otherwise innocuous TCP packet storing log entries in that S3 bucket. Logs are routine backed up off site. There would be absolute nothing a…

It seems that you're arguing for a different functionality of the implanted chip than the original article.

Original article supposes that the implanted chip was used to modify the boot process of the BMC in such a way that the BMC loaded its software over the network. The question is why this network activity wasn't easily detectable and firewalled off by default.

It seems that you suppose that the chip can be directly used for some sort of userspace-inside-a-VM to ring0(?) escalation. In particular, you suppose that the chip has access to main memory. Can you elaborate on what functionality do you think the implant could've had?

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