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patrickcollison.com

461–470 of 493 posts

Re: Questions

#461

> Is Bloom's "Two Sigma" phenomenon real? ... one-on-one tutoring using mastery learning led to a two sigma(!) improvement in student performance. When I tutored, I found students often had some misunderstanding, somewhere. So my task was to listen , to find that misunderstanding, so I could correct it. This "teaching" is listening, more than talking. The idea is they are lost, but to know what direction they need, I…

I think listening is also valuable because verbalizing a problem often brings up misconceptions or helps internalizing the idea and thus leads to a solution, maybe with a nudge in the right direction if that's expected in a dialog, thus not going the full way.

I had that experience sometimes when preparing a question to ask on-line. Sometimes it becomes clear when trying to see it from the other direction of the listener, or researching the problem space to phrase the question properly yields unexpected results.

Re: Questions

#462
post #368

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I'm not saying that trading the GIL for the benefits of C was not a reasonable tradeoff. Nonetheless, it is simply a fact that the GIL is needed because of the constraints imposed by choosing to work in C.

Citation needed. “Because there existed languages with different concurrency models” doesn’t really explain why the choice of C for Python’s implementation necessitated a GIL (there are plenty of languages and tools built on C with non-GIL-ish concurrency systems, and many languages/tools built on not-C that don’t expose the concurrency features of their underlying language at all). Look into how/why then GIL was add…

> it has much more to do with not wanting to reimplement the language/break compatibility

I don't know what "language/break compatibility" means.

The GIL is needed because Python's reference-counted memory management system is not thread-safe, and this can't be fixed without compromising either portability or performance. It's really that simple.

Re: Questions

#463
post #448

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Debugging a function and GC are independent things. Also, you can easily add tracing information since you will know how the C code is being run. There is no good reason not to. There are easy ways to build a GC in portable C as well, of course, if less performant. As you will know, in portable C you cannot even implement a system call. So what?

> Debugging a function and GC are independent things. Yes, but redefining a function and GC are not. > There are easy ways to build a GC in portable C as well, of course, if less performant. No, because you can't walk the stack. Also pointer aliasing. [UPDATE] I just realized that I was wrong about redefining functions in C. Not only is it possible, you can actually do it with currently available technology using dyn…

> But I have never seen anyone actually do this (which is why it didn't occur to me).

I wrote about this in my two earlier comments. This is very old technology. And very commonly used. I think most plugin systems wrap dynamically linked libraries.

This is also an easy way to redefine functions without needing GC. Under the hood, it is implemented in the loader's way: virtual memory pages mapped as read-only and executable (see mmap() or mprotect() for example).

Re: Questions

#464
post #35

> Why are there so many successful startups in Stockholm? Several reasons. First, you need to recognize that any Sweden-based startup will, when it gets to be known internationally, have a Stockholm-based office. So it's not about a city of 1 million inhabitants, it's a country of 10 million that's the true number here. As an example, I believe Spotify opened their original offices in both Stockholm and Göteborg more…

Good observations! You forgot one major thing. This goes for all of Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark. The winter is horribly dark and boring. (Unless you're super rich). Therefore most turn inwards, staying indoors, thinking deeply at problems, spending endless afternoons and nights on things. Be it software development, game development, car tuning, car engine work, engineering, knitting or just reading loads of…

Don't forget Iceland, with its "Christmas Book Flood" (https://www.npr.org/2012/12/25/167537939/literary-iceland-re...).

(disclaimer: I am an American and don't know what I'm talking about. I have visited Norway but it was summer.)

Re: Questions

#465

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Monetary inflation affects all goods more or less uniformly Money being created is like pouring water into a pool - it creates ripples outwards. Eventually, if you stop, yes the surface of the pool will become calm and the pool will be higher. But whilst you're pouring, the volumes are not even. These days, when the government creates money it doesn't put that money into everyone's bank account overnight. When was th…

> Instead the central bank engages in various forms of manipulation, like via the "QE" programmes that involved asset purchases. So, the prices of certain financial assets go up. The last round of quantitative easing by the Federal Reserve, QE3, ended in 2014. (QE1 began in 2008.) If these price effects for health care and housing began in 2008 and ended in 2014, it would make sense to blame QE, but they didn't, so i…

The banking system was creating money in various forms outside of QE. That was just a well known mechanism.

The main way it's created is through loans, many of which end up in housing. And rampant speculation on apparently ever-rising house prices is where the financial crisis started. Ripples expanding ever outwards ...

Re: Questions

#466
post #147

"Why are certain things getting so much more expensive?" Because we are lying about inflation. It's not a conspiracy, just a mutually agreed-to delusion. By pretending inflation is lower than it is, the poor feel like they are standing still instead of sinking ...though instinctively they know. And the people just keeping up get to feel richer. Since technology and efficiency improve, the people staying in the same p…

My dad was a programmer and I'm a programmer. I don't think I'll ever make a salary as high as he did[1], and that's in absolute dollars. Yet, my quality of life is definitely better. I take vacations all over the world. I can look up any fact I want instantly on the internet. I work from home 3 days a week. I've easily cured maladies that were huge nuisances when he was my age. You're right that macroeconomic indica…

How much was his salary? I would think a lot of programmers these days make more in absolute dollars than their parents would have.

Re: Questions

#467
post #112

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I'm an Israeli and it comes from a few factors: 1. Israelis basically have no choice. If you want to make a good income, working hard in a technology startup(we have very few big tech companies) is one of the very few good options. 2. The army: at a very young age,a decent percentage of Israelis who join the army lead, in high value, high risk situations. That creates a sense of responsibility and strong ambition at…

>> and possibly higher intelligence I heard that a lot of times from mostly uneducated people. All nations have equal level of intelligence. The difference might be access to education, environment, common wealth, and social inequality.

> All nations have equal level of intelligence

How do you know this?

Re: Questions

#468
post #399

"End-user computing is becoming less a bicycle and more a monorail for the mind." I shall steal this quote. The humble spreadsheet is just about the only 'programmable' application left on the typical corporate endpoint/educational client PC.

this plagues my sleep. yes, spreadsheets! I always wonder: what's so special about spreadsheets?

Mainly that a spreadsheet program is available on most laptop/PCs. And most people have been taught how to use an 'office' package at some point. And the UI is sort of built in and familiar.

Perhaps you will be able to sleep easier when the Raspberry Pi' generation come of age? I recollect that small business people built applications with Hypercard a few decades ago.

https://www.wired.com/2002/08/hypercard-forgotten-but-not-go...

Re: Questions

#470
post #399

"End-user computing is becoming less a bicycle and more a monorail for the mind." I shall steal this quote. The humble spreadsheet is just about the only 'programmable' application left on the typical corporate endpoint/educational client PC.

this plagues my sleep. yes, spreadsheets! I always wonder: what's so special about spreadsheets?

Spreadsheets are the best! They are literally THE killer app for PCs.
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