I actually got paid a salary for learning & programming in IBM mainframe assembler (BAL or Basic Assembly Language) in 1970, for an insurance company. The CPU memory was so small (32K, yes 32,768 bytes) that the only way we could squeeze enough functionality was to write in assembler, with overlays (no virtual memory). Debugging consisted of manually toggling hex data and instructions at the control panel. What a bla…
Assembly Language for Beginners [pdf]
51–60 of 101 posts
Re: Assembly Language for Beginners [pdf]
#52I actually got paid a salary for learning & programming in IBM mainframe assembler (BAL or Basic Assembly Language) in 1970, for an insurance company. The CPU memory was so small (32K, yes 32,768 bytes) that the only way we could squeeze enough functionality was to write in assembler, with overlays (no virtual memory). Debugging consisted of manually toggling hex data and instructions at the control panel. What a bla…
Forgive me, but I'm struggling to understand how much useful work one could extract from a computer with only 32k of RAM. A microcontroller for an appliance, sure, but a mainframe? Could you tell us more about the work you were doing?
Re: Assembly Language for Beginners [pdf]
#53I actually got paid a salary for learning & programming in IBM mainframe assembler (BAL or Basic Assembly Language) in 1970, for an insurance company. The CPU memory was so small (32K, yes 32,768 bytes) that the only way we could squeeze enough functionality was to write in assembler, with overlays (no virtual memory). Debugging consisted of manually toggling hex data and instructions at the control panel. What a bla…
Forgive me, but I'm struggling to understand how much useful work one could extract from a computer with only 32k of RAM. A microcontroller for an appliance, sure, but a mainframe? Could you tell us more about the work you were doing?
Re: Assembly Language for Beginners [pdf]
#54Earlier quoted context omitted.
Forgive me, but I'm struggling to understand how much useful work one could extract from a computer with only 32k of RAM. A microcontroller for an appliance, sure, but a mainframe? Could you tell us more about the work you were doing?
Oblig NASA factoid: The guidance computer on Apollo that got as to the moon had 4096 bytes of RAM and about 72K of ROM.
Re: Assembly Language for Beginners [pdf]
#55I actually got paid a salary for learning & programming in IBM mainframe assembler (BAL or Basic Assembly Language) in 1970, for an insurance company. The CPU memory was so small (32K, yes 32,768 bytes) that the only way we could squeeze enough functionality was to write in assembler, with overlays (no virtual memory). Debugging consisted of manually toggling hex data and instructions at the control panel. What a bla…
Forgive me, but I'm struggling to understand how much useful work one could extract from a computer with only 32k of RAM. A microcontroller for an appliance, sure, but a mainframe? Could you tell us more about the work you were doing?
Re: Assembly Language for Beginners [pdf]
#56I actually got paid a salary for learning & programming in IBM mainframe assembler (BAL or Basic Assembly Language) in 1970, for an insurance company. The CPU memory was so small (32K, yes 32,768 bytes) that the only way we could squeeze enough functionality was to write in assembler, with overlays (no virtual memory). Debugging consisted of manually toggling hex data and instructions at the control panel. What a bla…
Forgive me, but I'm struggling to understand how much useful work one could extract from a computer with only 32k of RAM. A microcontroller for an appliance, sure, but a mainframe? Could you tell us more about the work you were doing?
When the call was completed, the data from disk would be assembled into a full ECG record and written to tape, and simultaneously passed to the diagnostic program written in Fortran. The system would then initiate a phone call to the hospital's printer and print out an English-language diagnostic. The result was then available in ten minutes to the staff a the hospital.
The front end and back end was all Sigma 5 (first SDS then Xerox midrange real-time computer) assembler in an interrupt-rich process--one interrupt every 2ms for the analog, one interrupt for the disk write complete, interrupts for the tape record writing, interrupts for the outgoing phone call progress. This included an cost optimization process that would choose which line (this was in the days of WATS lines) based on desired response time. The middle was the Fortran program that would analyze the waveforms, identifying all the ECG wave forms--P-wave, QRS, and T-Wave--the height, duration, sometimes slope.
This all took place in a machine with 32k words (four bytes per word). There were two computers, one nominally used for development, but could be hot-switched if the other failed. I think downtime was on the order of an hour per year. This would have been called an Expert System, but I don't think the term was in common use as yet.
So the answer to your question is: "A considerable amount". Today we are all spoiled by environments with more memory on one machine than existed in the entire world at that time.
Re: Assembly Language for Beginners [pdf]
#57Earlier quoted context omitted.
Oblig NASA factoid: The guidance computer on Apollo that got as to the moon had 4096 bytes of RAM and about 72K of ROM.
Whew, excellent point. That raises another question, though—how much computational work did that computer have to do? The real heavy lifting was performed by big NASA mainframes on Earth, right?
http://nassp.sourceforge.net/wiki/Guidance_and_Control_Syste...
The source is on Github, too, for example:
https://github.com/chrislgarry/Apollo-11/blob/master/Luminar...
Re: Assembly Language for Beginners [pdf]
#58This seems to the same text as the author's Reverse Engineering for Beginners ( https://beginners.re/ ) https://news.ycombinator.com/from?site=beginners.re
Yeah, I'm a little confused about this "build" of the pdf. It clearly states: "The latest version (and Russian edition) of this text is accessible at beginners.re." - which points to: https://github.com/DennisYurichev/RE-for-beginners But as far as I can tell there's no branch with a different name - maybe this was just a working title for the English version at some point? Anyway, this new submission with a new titl…
Re: Assembly Language for Beginners [pdf]
#59I actually got paid a salary for learning & programming in IBM mainframe assembler (BAL or Basic Assembly Language) in 1970, for an insurance company. The CPU memory was so small (32K, yes 32,768 bytes) that the only way we could squeeze enough functionality was to write in assembler, with overlays (no virtual memory). Debugging consisted of manually toggling hex data and instructions at the control panel. What a bla…
Forgive me, but I'm struggling to understand how much useful work one could extract from a computer with only 32k of RAM. A microcontroller for an appliance, sure, but a mainframe? Could you tell us more about the work you were doing?
Re: Assembly Language for Beginners [pdf]
#60I actually got paid a salary for learning & programming in IBM mainframe assembler (BAL or Basic Assembly Language) in 1970, for an insurance company. The CPU memory was so small (32K, yes 32,768 bytes) that the only way we could squeeze enough functionality was to write in assembler, with overlays (no virtual memory). Debugging consisted of manually toggling hex data and instructions at the control panel. What a bla…