In my not so humble opinion, it all comes down to a short- vs. farsighted culture and the resulting fundamental attitude towards kids.
In the US, kids are seen at worst a nuisance and at best a personal luxury.
In most of the northern/western EU, kids are seen as the future workers, decision makers and keepers of the whole economy 30 years into the future.
All of the symptoms you are seeing, be it maternal / paternal leave, financial support for parents, universal health care at least for kids, (mostly) free education — from child care up to college level — how teachers are selected and paid and much more are resulting from this attitude.
There's downsides, such as a high tax level, but observations like this one show that America is slowly coming into the age where you see the longterm effects of neglecting its treasure and letting inequality explode rampantly.