I think people have largely missed the point of the article. This is specifically in relation to a "magic hash" on a block that was mined on June 19, 2018 with the hash: 00000000000000000021e800c1e8df51b22c1588e5a624bea17e9faa34b2dc4a
The leading zeros are the "proof-of-work". The bitcoin mining algorithm tries various nonces and generates many hashes until it finds one with (currently) 18 leading zeros. Surprisingly, much of the Bitcoin community doesn't know this and think that the leading zeros are special.
The 21e800 is supposedly 'special' because it relates to the E8 'Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything'. A physics theory proposing a basis for unified field theory.
Anyways, people have mistakenly calculated the odds of such an occurrence and believe it to be exceedingly rare. They are claiming that someone must have left it there and that it is either the result of:
1. A quantum computer
2. Time travelling
3. Something related to the Bible
This doesn't really make sense and we can calculate the odds ourselves. It works out to roughly 3%. (1 - ((16^6 - 1) / (16^6)) ^ 500,000 blocks) = 0.03.
There are 18 hashes with the leading non-zero digits 21e8
There are 3 hashes with the leading non-zero digits 21e80
There are many other "vanity hashes":
(57ea1 or steal)
https://blockchain.info/block/000000000057ea16558140e0b3995a...
(1055e5 or losses)
https://blockchain.info/block/00000000001055e54d1d11bae837d5...
These things are not rare, but as mentioned in the article, people have ascribed a sort of religious aspect to them. It's really weird.
I also wrote about this today. If you're interested in some of the other weird responses see: https://medium.com/@thisisjoshvarty/lets-talk-about-hashes-o...