Earlier quoted context omitted.
HiPE was done a long time ago, and I don't think it tried to use any particularly sophisticated techniques even at the time. Modern compilation techniques such as powerful escape analysis and partial evaluation may be able to do something new. GraalVM runs Ruby about 10x faster than standard Ruby, for example.
"GraalVM runs Ruby about 10x faster than standard Ruby, for example." Which puts it roughly up against the plateau I observe for dynamically-typed languages across the board, except LuaJIT (which AIUI compromises the dynamicness a bit to get there). Ruby is a great deal more than 10x slower than optimal (which is still roughly C, though keep an eye out on that as languages continue to challenge it). Based on the way…
"Scripting languages are designed for gluing."
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/660187/
"Programming languages are compared against each other as though their designers intended them to be used for the exact same purpose - that just isn't so."
https://benchmarksgame-team.pages.debian.net/benchmarksgame/...