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Text Normalization using Memory Augmented Neural Networks

arxiv.org

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Re: Text Normalization using Memory Augmented Neural Networks

#11

Post by subho406 »

nl wrote: post #9
subho406 wrote: post #8

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The model specifications used for the Kaggle competition was a lot different than the one mentioned in the paper. The paper compares on the same test set used by https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.00068 . DNC showed significant improvement over LSTM as a recurrent unit of a seq-to-seq model with almost zero unacceptable mistakes in certain semiotic classes. LSTM, on the other hand, is susceptible to these kinds of mistakes e…

I'm confused. On https://github.com/cognibit/Text-Normalization-Demo it says: The approach used here has secured the 6th position in the Kaggle Russian Text Normalization Challenge by Google's Text Normalization Research Group.

I'm sorry for the misunderstanding. The reason we added the sentence because the model used in the competition was also based on DNC. But, changes were made when writing the paper, for instance, we did not use any attention mechanism at the seq-to-seq level in the competition. Besides, the paper concentrates more on comparing the kinds of errors made by the DNC network (avoiding unacceptable mistakes; not the overall accuracy), which shows an improvement over the LSTM model in the paper (https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.00068). On the other hand, overall accuracy was more important for the Kaggle competition.

We modified the sentence to say, "An earlier version of the approach used here has secured the 6th position in the Kaggle Russian Text Normalization Challenge by Google's Text Normalization Research Group".

Re: Text Normalization using Memory Augmented Neural Networks

#12

Post by nl »

subho406 wrote: post #11
nl wrote: post #9

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I'm confused. On https://github.com/cognibit/Text-Normalization-Demo it says: The approach used here has secured the 6th position in the Kaggle Russian Text Normalization Challenge by Google's Text Normalization Research Group.

I'm sorry for the misunderstanding. The reason we added the sentence because the model used in the competition was also based on DNC. But, changes were made when writing the paper, for instance, we did not use any attention mechanism at the seq-to-seq level in the competition. Besides, the paper concentrates more on comparing the kinds of errors made by the DNC network (avoiding unacceptable mistakes; not the overall…

Ok, got it I think.

Re: Text Normalization using Memory Augmented Neural Networks

#13

Post by cuddlypsycho »

"...while avoiding the kind of silly errors made by the LSTM based recurrent neural architectures."

Only in arXiv you could get away with that kind of language :). Good paper though! Kudos.

"Another direction to go from here would be to increase the size of the context window during the data preprocessing stage to feed even more contextual information into the model."

Could you comment on how the training time would scale with increasing the size of the context window? Is there a sweet spot?

Re: Text Normalization using Memory Augmented Neural Networks

#14

Post by subho406 »

cuddlypsycho wrote: post #13

"...while avoiding the kind of silly errors made by the LSTM based recurrent neural architectures." Only in arXiv you could get away with that kind of language :). Good paper though! Kudos. "Another direction to go from here would be to increase the size of the context window during the data preprocessing stage to feed even more contextual information into the model." Could you comment on how the training time would…

Thank you for the review! We will surely correct these mistakes before submitting for final publication.

The memory requirements of DNC is quite high. We used GTX 1060 for training. Increasing the context window anything more than 3 increases the sequence length by a huge amount, causing memory problems. However, we also found that DNC works quite well even on small batch size. We used a batch size of 16 for all our experiments. The training time for a batch size of 16, context window of size 3 and 200k steps is 48h on a GTX 1060 system.

Re: Text Normalization using Memory Augmented Neural Networks

#16

Post by kylebgorman »

bmc7505 wrote: post #15

Text normalization, i.e. the transformation of words from the written to the spoken form. Uh, is this speech synthesis? 145, i.e. "one hundred and forty five". Oh! This is immediately obvious what you're doing.

"text normalization" just refers to that sort of thing. it's a subcomponent of the "front-end" of a speech synthesizer but it can also be used for speech recognition (if your training data contains things like "145" you may want to convert it to read "one hundred and forty five", for various reasons) and information extraction (perhaps you want to treat "145" and "one hundred and forty five" as the same).

Re: Text Normalization using Memory Augmented Neural Networks

#17

Post by Analog24 »

The conclusions you draw from the results that are presented seem to be a bit of a stretch. From the accuracy table it is pretty clear that the LSTM model outperforms your DNC model in most classes (for both datasets the LSTM achieves the same or better accuracy in 10 out of the 14 classes).

You then argue that the number of "unacceptable errors" is a better measure of model performance, which seems reasonable. However, you don't really show any analysis of these errors other than a table with some hand-picked examples. I would spend some time trying to actually quantify these errors so you can analyze them and show a proper plot or table that summarizes the results.

I think the work is interesting but I would be careful how you present the results. I would suggest adding more plots/tables to back up your claims in a more objective manner or tone down the conclusions a bit. This is meant to be constructive criticism btw, it's not an attack :-) I think with a bit more work you'll be ready for a proper peer review.

Re: Text Normalization using Memory Augmented Neural Networks

#18

Post by amandavinci »

Analog24 wrote: post #17

The conclusions you draw from the results that are presented seem to be a bit of a stretch. From the accuracy table it is pretty clear that the LSTM model outperforms your DNC model in most classes (for both datasets the LSTM achieves the same or better accuracy in 10 out of the 14 classes). You then argue that the number of "unacceptable errors" is a better measure of model performance, which seems reasonable. Howev…

Thanks for the great feedback.

The paper by Sproat and Jaitly which introduces the challenge rightly notes that the acceptability of errors and quality of output is more important than accuracy for a real application. The number of instances in all of the critical semiotic classes is too low (1-2k for some, even less than 100 for others) for a meaningful comparison in accuracy.

But you are right to point out that the 'unacceptability' of errors could be analyzed better. However, we could not think of a way to quantify or form a metric that measures such errors. These 'silly' errors are subjective by their very nature and depend on a human reading them. As you have suggested, we are working on preparing a table of sorts to summarize all these errors and show a link between the availability/frequency of particular types examples to the performance of our model on those particular types. Something of this sort for example:

* The training set had 17,712 examples in DATE of the form xx/yy/zzzz. Upon the analyzing the mistakes in DATE class we did not find any mistakes made in the dates of the above form.

* On the other hand, if look into the mistakes made in MEASURE class we find that the DNC network made exactly 4 mistakes. The mistakes were reported in the units (g/cm3, ch, mA). Upon searching for the occurrences in the training set of these units, we found out that 'mA' occurs 3 three times, 'g/cm3' occurred 7 times and 'ch' occurred 8 times, whereas other measurement units like kg occur 296 times and cm occur 600+ times.

If you have any other ideas on how to analyze and report the results, please let us know. We will be glad to improve the quality of our work (By the way, we are undergrads and this is our very first research paper). Thanks again!

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