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EFail – Vulnerabilities in end-to-end encryption technologies OpenPGP and S/MIME

efail.de

61–70 of 306 posts

Re: EFail – Vulnerabilities in end-to-end encryption technologies OpenPGP and S/MIME

#61

A lot of buzz for a not so critical vulnerability. Well it is critical but very hard to exploit because : 1. Hacker need to intercept the encrypted email. 2. HTML tags/remote content are blocked by default on most email client. Still an important vulnerability, but not enough (for me) to disable enigmail, I know I'm safe with blocked remote content. By the way I hate this kind of "buzz" disclosure. Just disclose full…

> I know I'm safe with blocked remote content.

Curious, how?

Re: EFail – Vulnerabilities in end-to-end encryption technologies OpenPGP and S/MIME

#62

Tangent: Is it just me or does CBC (and block ciphers in general) always seem to be a troublemaker? Even if it's not directly at fault, it seems to always make everything more difficult to secure, and I don't recall ever having heard of a single benefit gained by using them. Why do people insist on using block ciphers instead of stream ciphers? What benefits do they have?

No I wouldn't say that block ciphers are trouble makers in general. Look at RC4 and how badly broken it was. CBC is a mode of operation which works fine, what was fucked in a number of places was the authentication part which is why we don't ship ciphers without authentication nowadays (look at the CAESAR competition for authentication encryption). Stream ciphers without authentication are way easier to exploit that a number of other mode of operations for block ciphers.

Re: EFail – Vulnerabilities in end-to-end encryption technologies OpenPGP and S/MIME

#63
post #33
post #13

Earlier quoted context omitted.

As Let's Encrypt showed, this is all about usability.

Let's encrypt wouldn't be nearly as widely used if browsers didn't require https for a lot of new features people want to use, though. And Google will lower the ranking of non-https sites soon, if they haven't already. Having Let's encrypt available as a free option lets the browser makers force web services to use https, since "anyone can add it, it's free! (Never mind the increased complexity and even more things t…

Google already pushes for encrypted-in-transit: https://blog.google/products/gmail/making-email-safer-for-yo...

Re: EFail – Vulnerabilities in end-to-end encryption technologies OpenPGP and S/MIME

#64
post #29

From the original article: > EFAIL describes vulnerabilities in the end-to-end encryption technologies OpenPGP and S/MIME that leak the plaintext of encrypted emails. I don't understand how this is being touted as vulnerabilities in OpenPGP and S/MIME. Sure there is undefined behavior in the OpenPGP and S/MIME standards but if implementations choose an insecure behavior for the undefined behavior, then it is a flaw i…

The use of CBC without proper authentication sounds like a flaw in the standard to me. Especially the line in the FAQ about being able to create a fresh valid signature for an altered ciphertext is not good.

Re: EFail – Vulnerabilities in end-to-end encryption technologies OpenPGP and S/MIME

#65
post #11
post #6

While HTTPS is taking over web traffic, encrypted email could be considered a failure, at this point. I wonder what percentage of emails are encrypted using GPG. Based on my experience it's probably less than 0.001%.

E-Mail needs better tools and better standards than GPG IMO. For one, GPG tools are difficult to use. Anything beyond a simple 1-click-setup-ready-to-use-including-keyserver-publication will make any wide market adoption difficult. On the other, the GPG standard is a bit ... clunky. Ideally it should be modernized to take advantage of the email format; add generic messages about encryption in alternate mime content b…

Better tools yes, better standards no. There isn't a single production-quality library implementation of the OpenPGP standard; anyone who uses OpenPGP in production ends up with some variant on a crappy 700-line python script wrapping the GPG executable. (There are dozens or hundreds of those out there, every company has their own). I'll never understand what possesses people who aren't up to writing a solid library implementation of the existing standard to believe that they would be capable of coming up with a better new standard, but it's distressingly common.

Error reporting in email clients that support OpenPGP is awful because they all work by some variant of exec-ing the GPG process and piping its input/output, so half the time you'll try to set up PGP and it just won't work. Even when it does work, no extant mail program has yet reached the level of having an actual UI/UX designer spend even a couple of months of work actually trying to make the PGP experience a good one - and why would they when no-one's prepared to pay for it? Security professionals are willing to work for free on things like security audits of the GPG code, because you can get a conference paper out of that, but there's no corresponding channel for usability work.

> Ideally it should be modernized to take advantage of the email format; add generic messages about encryption in alternate mime content bodies and simply encode the encrypted messages into it's own.

PGP/MIME already does this. We don't need a new standard. We need to get better at using the standard we have.

Re: EFail – Vulnerabilities in end-to-end encryption technologies OpenPGP and S/MIME

#66

A lot of buzz for a not so critical vulnerability. Well it is critical but very hard to exploit because : 1. Hacker need to intercept the encrypted email. 2. HTML tags/remote content are blocked by default on most email client. Still an important vulnerability, but not enough (for me) to disable enigmail, I know I'm safe with blocked remote content. By the way I hate this kind of "buzz" disclosure. Just disclose full…

> I know I'm safe with blocked remote content. Curious, how?

Because the vulnerability is just about adding HTML tags which will send decrypted content to a remote server controlled by attacker.

Example : If you disable remote content, it can't be exploited on thunderbird (which is disabled by default) BUT there may be other attack vector on other software/email client.

Anyway, the attacker still need to get a hand on your encrypted email.

Re: EFail – Vulnerabilities in end-to-end encryption technologies OpenPGP and S/MIME

#67
post #55
post #50

As if a brand name, logo and website were not enough, even the white paper title is cringy clickbait: "Efail: Breaking S/MIME and OpenPGP Email Encryption using Exfiltration Channels". OpenPGP is not broken. Nothing in your paper has anything to do with OpenPGP. This is simply spreading overblown FUD for your 15 minutes of mainstream media fame.

I don't even understand why they needed to tease the thing one day in advance with measures that were so weird that nobody knew what to expect. "Stop decrypting email", right, super convenient and totally appropriate given the actual vulnerability. Next time maybe they'll say "don't touch your mouse until further notice". What difference would it have made if they had simply published this website straight away? Seem…

The comparison with amdflaws seems unfair. My understanding is that while they demonstrate a flaw in some email clients, it would be enough for an attacker to exploit one vulnerable target amongst the recipients to retrieve the plaintext email. Given that one cannot confirm whether others have taken appropriate steps, this vulnerability seems serious enough, no?

Re: EFail – Vulnerabilities in end-to-end encryption technologies OpenPGP and S/MIME

#68
post #10

This hardly seems like an OpenGPG or S/MIME vulnerability to me and more like an XSS-like exploit of email clients.

The encryption system should be saying "BAD MESSAGE" to the client and instead it is saying "Here's the message and some malware".

I disagree. The encryption system should not know about HTML, and these messages are "BAD MESSAGE"s even if they are unencrypted. That clearly points at the mail client, not the encryption layer.

Re: EFail – Vulnerabilities in end-to-end encryption technologies OpenPGP and S/MIME

#69
post #35

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Also relevant https://lists.gnupg.org/pipermail/gnupg-users/2018-May/06032...

This seems to contradict the earlier claim that "the GnuPG team was not contacted by the researchers".

As far as I understand it, the earliest communication was 2017/11/24, which they addressed as it appeared that GnuPG wasn't vulnerable as it would fail with an error message when processing the exploit as it was known in November.

A few days later, they got an email asking for a phone call, which wasn't followed up upon--I'm not sure to what extent this is GnuPG's fault, whether this is a usual way of communicating a serious vulnerability. It would've been better if they called em back, definitely goes for both parties.

Then after a few months of silence, 2.5 weeks ago, they received another email with a different title that, according to Werner Koch, was too redacted to act upon:

    On 2017-11-29 we got a short mail asking for a phone call.  It might be
    that I did not reply to that but in any case my office phone number is
    easy to lookup.  I did not get a phone call.
    
    Since then we have not seen any more communication - not even about the
    proposed coordinated public disclosure.  Thus I closed this issue in
    December and forgot about it.
    
    On 2018-04-27 I received another paper via a Kmail developer which had a
    different title than the one from November
    
        *** DO NOT PUBLISH OR SHARE ON PUBLIC MAILING LISTS ***
        Efail: Breaking S/MIME and OpenPGP Email Encryption using
                            Exfiltration Channels
    
    and no author names etc.  The GnuPG team discussed this but did not see
    that any action was required.  In particular because due to the
    redaction we were not able to contact and help the developers of other
    MUAs which might be affected.
I mean yeah, in theory, BOTH parties could have been better at communicating and following up on it. But both parties are probably very busy and this kind of "no you call me back" is the sort of thing that falls through if you have to make choices about what to spend limited time on. That's why there exists protocol and coordination to tell something is really serious/urgent.

It does seem to me that the security researchers were a bit too trigger-happy on the redacting of information, in particular unnecessarily so in private emails to the security folk they expected to act on the vulnerability.

Re: EFail – Vulnerabilities in end-to-end encryption technologies OpenPGP and S/MIME

#70

I see how this can be used to exfiltrate an email you’ve sent to others, but th exploit doesn’t seem to show how to exfiltrate private emails between other parties. I mean, it’s an interesting bug, but since the only I can exfiltrate is the contents of plaintext I sent you in the same exploit then it doesn’t seem to leak anything other than any HTML email does. Am I missin something?

If I want to decrypt a message to you that I have intercepted I can create my own email containing a modification of the intercepted message and send it to you, causing you to send me the plaintext contents.

That's my understanding as well. Someone could try to make your email client img-src-get the plaintext of previously intercepted mails to a remote server, but it would be a very "noisy" attack: your typical PGP user would very quickly fall into a panic if they received all their old encrypted mail again, and for some reason the client would constantly beg for external image downloads in apparently plain text mails.
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