Earlier quoted context omitted.
The IP can be used to correlate them being together (connected to their home WiFi), but would be unable to track them outside (unless the phones try to connect to “free” public WiFi which is subsidised by ads and will no doubt rat the users out to Facebook). Cell phone towers don’t correlate to IPs at all; the IP layer is added way above all that at the GGSN in the carrier’s network, which doesn’t even know nor care…
> The IP can be used to correlate them being together There you go. Speaking of wifi, by correlating IP address and MAC broadcasts, ad networks could figure out your MAC address. This could also be used to track your location.
MAC addresses are never transmitted past the first layer 2 hop, so it would require either a compromised switch/access point (like public WiFi) to be nearby and the phone to connect to it (phones randomise MACs when searching for networks to protect against that).