I remember The Economist doing a piece on this fairly recently[0] that talked exclusively about how China's tech VCs and established corporations (referring to the likes of Alibaba/Tencent) are challenging (and to a certain extent dethroning) Silicon Valley "monopoly" when it comes to investing in innovation/R&D in super critical areas like A.I., for example. One huge advantage Chinese corporations and startups have…
With manufacturing in US hollowed out in last couple of decades and China being the new global manufacturing powerhouse, it is not surprising that China is seeking smart (software/cloud/AI/robotics powered) solutions to industrialization, warehousing, transportation, supply chain, payments and other areas. Why hasn't US achieved the level of digital payment smoothness that China has been able to?
While the points you made about lax laws and blatant data privacy invasion are an contributing factors, I think you would have seen China making great strides in the above mentioned areas even if laws were enforced strictly. It's important to recognize China's technological prowess. They have similarly taken a lead in bioengineering.