I'm currently taking a near-identical course as a CS freshman, and while I lack the programming expertise to adequately explain the importance in that field, it's definitely valuable to learn. I've never enjoyed a maths class more, really.
It offers so many 'hacks' to working with numbers, which I could imagine would make code more efficient and avoid unnecessary computations when dealing with very large numbers.
Separately, my increased mental efficiency with problems involving numbers is really surprising. There have been interview questions I've read about in the past where I've thought "someone must be a genius to be able to answer that through mental math," and it all makes so much more sense now! It's taught me about dozens of visualizations that can break down these problems in much more manageable ways.
As an example of a mental maths problem on my midterm: How many numbers between 1 and 99,999 have digits that add up to 10? (23,500 would work whereas 23,510 would not). While initially I would have no clue how to answer this, learning about the balls-in-bins method solves it in an incredibly simple manner.