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Counterintuitive Properties of High Dimensional Space

marckhoury.github.io

31–40 of 68 posts

Re: Counterintuitive Properties of High Dimensional Space

#31
post #26

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Speaking about math: I'm not even sure what the meaning of polynomial is. E.g. x^2+3x+1. Each component is measured in different units. Is it intuitive?

Such a polynomial only makes sense when x is a dimensionless quantity, or alternatively when the coefficients have appropriate dimensions to compensate.

I admit that I have no intuition of a product of 2 dimensionless quantities :)

Re: Counterintuitive Properties of High Dimensional Space

#32
post #26

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Such a polynomial only makes sense when x is a dimensionless quantity, or alternatively when the coefficients have appropriate dimensions to compensate.

The definition of a polynomial has nothing to do with units of measurement. The coefficients come from a ring and a ring has nothing g to do with units of measurement.

That’s fine as a pure mathematics perspective, but in physics dimensions come into play often, and one often has polynomials whose domain and coefficients come “tagged” with particular dimensions.

Re: Counterintuitive Properties of High Dimensional Space

#33

Why do we extrapolate 4d based on 3D volume, and not surface area? For 2D->3D we use area. Why would we then use volume in 3D->4D when surface area is an option?

The space that is enclosed by a unit sphere in dimension 1 is the interval (-1, 1). In physics this is measured in meters. This is referred to as length. The space enclosed by the unit sphere in dimension 2 is measured in meters squared. This is referred to as area. In dimension 3 we call it volume and measure it in meters cubed.

In dimensions 4 through infinity we quickly come to a problem. Do we come up with unique names to refer to amount of space enclosed by a unit sphere? Mathematicians have decided to just use the word volume. We rely on context to make it clear what the dimension is. Similarly we use the word n-sphere to refer to the collection of points in n-dimensional space that are exactly 1 unit from the origin.

Surface area of an n-sphere is used and studied.

Re: Counterintuitive Properties of High Dimensional Space

#35
post #32

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The definition of a polynomial has nothing to do with units of measurement. The coefficients come from a ring and a ring has nothing g to do with units of measurement.

That’s fine as a pure mathematics perspective, but in physics dimensions come into play often, and one often has polynomials whose domain and coefficients come “tagged” with particular dimensions.

OP did say, “speaking about math...”. The operations on polynomials and dealing with polynomials doesn’t have anything to do with units of measurement. It may be the case that when used in some areas and in some contexts that the units matter but I think it clouds issues to bring them up.

The intuition for operating with polynomials is best obtained by not worrying about units.

Re: Counterintuitive Properties of High Dimensional Space

#36

from the article: The volume of the unit d-sphere goes to 0 as d grows! A high dimensional unit sphere encloses almost no volume! Maybe I'm nitpicking, but this interpretation is not accurate IMO. Volume of N-dimensional sphere is measured is different units than that of (N-1)-dimensional sphere. E.g. one is m^5, and another is m^4. Comparing values measured in different units is not the best idea. It would be better…

A more precise, unit-respecting result is to plot the ratio of the unit sphere's volume to the unit cube's volume. This is a dimensionless quantity, so it makes sense to compare them, but happily the numeric values are unchanged because the unit cube always has volume 1 m^N in dimension N.

Re: Counterintuitive Properties of High Dimensional Space

#37
post #32

Earlier quoted context omitted.

That’s fine as a pure mathematics perspective, but in physics dimensions come into play often, and one often has polynomials whose domain and coefficients come “tagged” with particular dimensions.

OP did say, “speaking about math...”. The operations on polynomials and dealing with polynomials doesn’t have anything to do with units of measurement. It may be the case that when used in some areas and in some contexts that the units matter but I think it clouds issues to bring them up. The intuition for operating with polynomials is best obtained by not worrying about units.

I think we’re not really disagreeing about anything. In a pure math context, x would be, as you say, a quantity in which dimensions play no role.

Re: Counterintuitive Properties of High Dimensional Space

#38
post #21

Earlier quoted context omitted.

That's what I thought reading that too. In general I don't think it's a good idea for maths people to just forget about units ("because it is for physics")

Speaking about math: I'm not even sure what the meaning of polynomial is. E.g. x^2+3x+1. Each component is measured in different units. Is it intuitive?

But such polynomials do turn up in physics, e.g. accelerated motion: x(t) = 1/2 a t^2 + v t + x0. The trick is that the coefficients aren't unitless either.

Re: Counterintuitive Properties of High Dimensional Space

#39
post #26

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Such a polynomial only makes sense when x is a dimensionless quantity, or alternatively when the coefficients have appropriate dimensions to compensate.

I admit that I have no intuition of a product of 2 dimensionless quantities :)

That would just be like a double-rescaling. Like "a meter is now twice as long as double a normal meter."

Re: Counterintuitive Properties of High Dimensional Space

#40
post #37

Earlier quoted context omitted.

OP did say, “speaking about math...”. The operations on polynomials and dealing with polynomials doesn’t have anything to do with units of measurement. It may be the case that when used in some areas and in some contexts that the units matter but I think it clouds issues to bring them up. The intuition for operating with polynomials is best obtained by not worrying about units.

I think we’re not really disagreeing about anything. In a pure math context, x would be, as you say, a quantity in which dimensions play no role.

As he said, x is part of a ring. In physics the multiplication of two elements from the same ring end up on another ring (meters^2 for example) in which, for example, you cannot do addition with elements from the original ring (meters)
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