The resilience of humanity may actually be
inversely proportional to its population.
Yonatan Zunger, of Google, writing nearly five years ago, tossed out a fact that's stuck with me since: the response of "large animal" populations to global temperature changes:
"When the biota of a planet get rewritten, the creatures that require the most delicate maintenance die first. This tends to mean really big creatures, that rely on large supplies of their foods; apex predators, which rely on the entire food chain beneath them; and "canary" species like many frogs, which are very sensitive and tend to be the first to die when something is going wrong. Historically, the cutoff for "large creatures" (that tend to not survive extinction events) seems to be in the ballpark of 20 pounds; things bigger than that just require the ecosystem to be too healthy."
That immediately following:
"The last big spike like this was the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, about 55 million years ago. Average temperatures rose by 6C over a period of 20,000 years -- which is enough to look like a giant, sharp spike on the history-of-the-entire-planet graph."
We're on track to temperature changes of roughly that order of magnitude, and almost certainly in a far shorter period of time -- a few centuries, perhaps less.
https://plus.google.com/+YonatanZunger/posts/SgzQU5DM3LQ
I think this may be one of the related body-mass / extinction related articles (though it postdate's Yonatan's item):
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/350/6262/812