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How to Read Mathematics

people.vcu.edu

81–90 of 144 posts

Re: How to Read Mathematics

#81
post #2

One thing that I really would like to impress upon computer people is that mathematics is not (usually) a formal computer language. Symbols and technical terms change meaning depending on the author, people write with different "accents". There's a little ambiguity and informality at times, but a whole lot less than other kinds of writing. Mathematics is (usually) written for humans, not computers. Don't attempt to r…

But humans can't read it, nor can computers. Maybe it's time to ask if we can do better than traditional formal mathematical notation.

Re: How to Read Mathematics

#83
post #2

One thing that I really would like to impress upon computer people is that mathematics is not (usually) a formal computer language. Symbols and technical terms change meaning depending on the author, people write with different "accents". There's a little ambiguity and informality at times, but a whole lot less than other kinds of writing. Mathematics is (usually) written for humans, not computers. Don't attempt to r…

This is true. The CS folks are my university tended to be quite strict about writing out quantifiers for everything, while a very accomplished math researcher in our department told our class to "please write in English" instead of using those symbols, because he wouldn't be able to read them. I asked a friend why he thought this was, and he suspected that the CS department's focus on formal languages and automatic t…

I was this guy to certain professors: at the end of the day it's less about formality and more about someone's ability to understand you at a high level and assess you. To me, I was trying to convey my ideas as precisely as possible. To my professor, I was being so verbose that it would have taken him at least an hour to thoroughly assess the rigor with which I had approach my proof, which simply doesn't scale to all students.

Your friend in math is definitions. IME clever definitions minimize the sheer amount of rigor you need to get from point A to point B through their abstractions. The more "natural" or easily understandable a definition is, the easier it is to use that definition as a ground truth in your theorems.

For example, I have an unpublished proof of a graph/game-theory conjecture. Proving the theorem's correctness is extremely convoluted if you rely on atomic definitions of graphs, valid actions, etc. However, as you define new relationships precisely, it becomes much easier. The more abstractly you approach the problem, the simpler the problem becomes, given the correct abstractions.

Re: How to Read Mathematics

#84
post #44
post #32

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Why is that? Why is there not a universal way of writing mathematics that is not ambiguous and can be read by anyone that understands the 'language'? I have a deep dread and fear of numbers and mathematics in general because I don't understand them and I have never learned. Now I learn that there isn't one thing to learn but a vast array? No thanks. I had this apparently romantic view that an equation is an equation…

> Now I learn that there isn't one thing to learn but a vast array? No thanks. I had this apparently romantic view that an equation is an equation (the same equation) anywhere in the world. It's not as bad as that! You're very unlikely to hit this sort of issue until you're reading research papers (unless you decide you're very interested in mathematical history). Pretty much all the material youll come across up to…

The first alternate notation I think in maths, I used was dot (period) notation for scalar multiplication. Next would be different versions of standard form (aka engineering notation).

Later, at high-school (UK, 16-18yo) we used both d/dx type notation for differentiation and x-dot (a dot above the letter for each level of differentiation).

There would be 3 versions of x= ut + (at^2)/2 that we'd know, this one, d/dx, and dot-notation; primarily the former was used in physics and the latter in maths. We'd also use suffixed numbering, u_0, u_1 on occasions and use u, v, w on other occasions.

One important point - they're not different equations, just written differently.

You write for your audience, in an advanced paper you can abbreviate and use shorthand because you know the reader (in general) will understand.

As an undergrad I found that each department I studied in would tend to use different notation - chemistry, ecology, maths, physics, computing - for the same things. Though sometimes different professors would buck the trend ... they also had different accents and vocabulary, our QFT professor loved the word recapitulation.

You also get different symbol use, like rho for density in one domain and d in another; but that's not really notation per se.

TL;DR sometimes you come across different notation earlier. Different notation doesn't change the equation.

Re: How to Read Mathematics

#85
post #31

FTA : >>> One can now check that the next statement is true with a certain amount of essentially mechanical, though perhaps laborious, checking. I, the author, could do it, but it would use up a large amount of space and perhaps not accomplish much, since it'd be best for you to go ahead and do the computation to clarify for yourself what's going on here. I promise that no new ideas are involved, though of course you…

> I hate that. When I program my computer, I specify all the steps to accomplish something. If it's too verbose, then I abstract it in a function. > I even add comments to make sure that a human reader easily and completely understands what I do. Yeah, honestly, any single time I read a maths-related paper I feel like I would be better off with an example, well-written, implementation in any programming language. The…

So you'd never say to someone "use a bubble sort" or "try a bitwise trie" you'd lay it out in full, commented code each time?

When you say "I abstract it in a function" that's surely what a mathematician is doing when they say "then we have a BVP and it naturally follows ...", they're applying the function "treatAsBVP". If you don't understand that step then you go and learn that, just as someone would have to find a library and look at an abstracted function used in your code to understand what it returns.

Re: How to Read Mathematics

#86
I like this approach. I've always been stumped by the exact phrases like "it follows easily" and my eyes tend to glaze over whenever I encounter that latex math formula typeface. Breaking it down like this suddenly helps me appreciate the other layer of communication in math writing, which isn't just about expressing a specific mathematical idea - but also about expressing how to appreciate it.

One gripe is the circular > Before you start to read, make sure you know what the author expects you to know.

How can you know what the contents of the text require before you know (read) the contents of the text?

Re: How to Read Mathematics

#87
post #22
post #20

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Analogies on their own are limited if you don't continue to the technical definition. They are a raft to cross the river.

> ... They are a raft to cross the river. or rather like net to catch the fish. once you have the fish, you can forget about the net. this is not far removed from words, which are used to convey meaning. once you have meaning you can forget about the words ;) edit-001 : fmt changes.

>> ... They are a raft to cross the river.

>or rather like net to catch the fish. once you have the fish, you can forget about the net.

So you can forget about the net ... like a raft to cross a river?! ;o)

Re: How to Read Mathematics

#88
post #16

I’m curious if anyone has advice on how to understand all the symbols used in math papers. Frequently I find this is the first barrier for me in reading them.

I highly recommend the book "Mathematical Notation: A Guide for Engineers and Scientists" by Edward Scheinerman (Amazon link: http://a.co/c1jcvLH ). It's short, and perfect for looking up symbols, brackets, subscript/superscript conventions etc. for science and engineering math (for me, the stuff I encounter in my programming life, when I read papers & books that deal with graphics programming, DSP, cryptography, etc…

This looks perfect, thanks!

Re: How to Read Mathematics

#89

I like this approach. I've always been stumped by the exact phrases like "it follows easily" and my eyes tend to glaze over whenever I encounter that latex math formula typeface. Breaking it down like this suddenly helps me appreciate the other layer of communication in math writing, which isn't just about expressing a specific mathematical idea - but also about expressing how to appreciate it. One gripe is the circu…

As others have said elsewhere, skim it once or twice, ignoring the detail, reading the text, getting an overall gist of the way it goes.

Then brew a fresh coffee, grab pad and pencil, roll up your sleeves, and make notes as you go.

Re: How to Read Mathematics

#90
post #21
post #16

I’m curious if anyone has advice on how to understand all the symbols used in math papers. Frequently I find this is the first barrier for me in reading them.

Probably the first thing to do is find a copy of Lawrence Chang's Handbook of Spoken Mathematics (also referenced in a previous HN post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10284052 ) This has been great for helping me figure out what to even call various symbols so I can then go look up what they actually intend you to do.

This is pretty good!
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