I really like to use project euler when I want to learn a new language. Exercises are sorted more or less by difficulty, at least for the first 50-100, and are completely langage agnostic (you just need to answer a question in a text input). It's also very good to learn algorithm and maths. Some problems can even be solved without any programming. And for some, a certain amount of math is necessary to have a efficien…
Here's a fairly comprehensive list of those problems, but it hasn't been updated in a while, e.g., 601 is solvable with pencil and paper but it's new enough that it isn't on the list.