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When somebody loses weight, where does the fat go?

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Re: When somebody loses weight, where does the fat go?

#161
post #4

For anyone coming straight to the comments looking for an answer to the question: it turns into CO2 (and a bit of water) and you breathe it out. When you realize that you have to breathe out all the weight you lose, I think it gives you a bigger appreciation for how difficult weight loss can be.

Thunderf00t had a great take on this showing why excercise is pretty much useless for weight loss. You exhale same percentage of CO2 no matter how active you are so to burn more fat you have to make yourself breathe faster. You can do that with excercise which, if it's intense, can triple your rate of breathing. But if you do intensly excercise for an hour each day you just burn 26 hours of fat instead 24. Not much o…

Most people want to add some muscle mass too, not just remove fat stores.

Re: When somebody loses weight, where does the fat go?

#162
post #55

Earlier quoted context omitted.

A remarkable fraction of your energy consumption is spent on basic maintenance, and of the rest, far more than you'd think is spent on the brain. Your body is extremely efficient, by engineering standards, but that includes locomotion. Exercise is still a good way to drop in weight, but not simply due to burning up the fat; that could happen anyway. What seems to be happening is that the exercise improves the body's…

> The goal is to eat less because you don't feel hungry, not despite feeling hungry. Very few have the willpower to literally starve themselves. I'm not sure if I understand this correctly, but isn't this a bad practice? I mean, I can agree with the sentiment of eating too many times per day. E.g. if you tend to eat snacks and then soon after a real meal, then you should definitely use your willpower to just skip the…

The key point is the first part of that statement, "eat less because you don't feel hungry". It's not the best worded though, but the alternative "only eat until you don't feel hungry" isn't much better since someone can feel like they're hungry when they aren't really. Also your body burns through the muscles to maintain the composition of the other muscles/hormones of your body, because muscles and fat aren't made of the same components.

Re: When somebody loses weight, where does the fat go?

#163
post #85

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I think you're misreading the function of those slogans. First off, they're hardly "obvious" when you account for the overwhelming FUD around nutrition anybody who's tried to lose weight. And you get it from everybody: your Mom, magazines, movies, the news, pop sci articles, the government, etc. But more importantly, those things are TRUE. Anybody with significant weight to lose will not be able to out-exercise a bad…

Running at a moderate pace for 45 minutes is an easy 90-110kcal / mile depending on your weight. Running is a double edged sword on appetite. It tends to shut down your gut for a while, making you less hungry for a period after the workout. But, people tend to misjudge how much they burn on shorter workouts or runs. Often people only need 2 or 3 habit changes to create a long term deficit. Example: run a few times a…

>Running at a moderate pace //

If you're obese you will knacker your knees. Swimming is better, but be careful to exercise complementary muscle groups too.

Re: When somebody loses weight, where does the fat go?

#164
post #38
post #4

For anyone coming straight to the comments looking for an answer to the question: it turns into CO2 (and a bit of water) and you breathe it out. When you realize that you have to breathe out all the weight you lose, I think it gives you a bigger appreciation for how difficult weight loss can be.

2 pounds a day. That's how much CO2 you breath out, and the hard limit for weight loss. You can lose more than that, (see boxers before a weigh-in), but that's all water loss, and is temporary. And, with a strong likelihood of death.

> 2 pounds a day. That's how much CO2 you breath out

I bet I breath out more on Saturday's marathon than Sunday's recovery day.

Re: When somebody loses weight, where does the fat go?

#165
post #38

Earlier quoted context omitted.

2 pounds a day. That's how much CO2 you breath out, and the hard limit for weight loss. You can lose more than that, (see boxers before a weigh-in), but that's all water loss, and is temporary. And, with a strong likelihood of death.

Fat can break down into ketones which can be passed out via urine (i.e. leave the body without being oxidized to H2O and CO2). This is noted in the article, in the caption under the second figure.

There is a hard limit of ketogenesis: about 185g of ketone bodies per day [0].

(That's about 2 lbs every 3 days).

[0] https://www.diapedia.org/metabolism-insulin-and-other-hormon...

Re: When somebody loses weight, where does the fat go?

#166
post #150

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Couldn't agree more. Also didn't want to be that person tracking calories ... but now that I do and can look back, my perspective is more of "let's face it, losing weight is not easy" and those people tracking were doing hard work. But you realize, finding your macro deficit combined with an app like my fitness pal makes it SIGNIFICANTLY easier. Losing weight becomes simple arithmetic. Alcohol is rough. So many peopl…

I need to do more reading on this calories per carb thing. I don't get it at first glance. I also hated the "if it fits your macros" type thing. I'm not a body builder, what do I care? But when you see the real impact of what you're about to eat it actually frees you quite a bit (assuming you generally eat well). I'm actually happy to grab that extra piece of cheese because I can easily take the calorie hit, I gotta…

I went from drinking 10-12 beers a night to drinking 3 vodka+waters and didn't lose a single lb

Re: When somebody loses weight, where does the fat go?

#167
post #54

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Also take daylight savings into account, you could get an extra hour one day a year. Thats a lot more breaths.

Not sure about you but I keep breathing 24 hours a day.

you're clearly not trying hard enough.

Re: When somebody loses weight, where does the fat go?

#168

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> For someone who is very badly overweight, cutting calories is still a very good step. It's more or less the only possible step: unless you have an absolutely freaky metabolism, exercise will not be able to mitigate an unhealthy diet until long-term (through increasing basal metabolism by building up muscle mass), and when significantly overweight it's easy to exercise "wrong" and hurt yourself.

Indeed, which is why I dislike seeing people who pooh-pooh on the idea that "calories in < calories out" is not a good first step. It's absolutely the correct first step, IMO. There's obviously more in play beyond that, but for a lot of people it's the most basic first step they need to grasp to move further down the scale. After getting eating habits under control, then people can worry more about how the body burns…

It is a great first step. But it is complicated.

People don't like being uncomfortable and we all actively avoid pain. Exercising at a level that significantly impacts weight loss is hard. It can be extremely uncomfortable and even painful at times. We are soft and we have a universe of terrible pre-processed foods at our disposal. It is just a fact of life that people actively avoid uncomfortable situations and so much of modern life is all about YOU being the star of your own universe and your comfort.

I think exercise and doing physically uncomfortable things consistently and at a high volume (with appropriate and healthy ramp up, of course) can shock a system into being able to cope with discomfort, the kind of discomfort required to break through previous weight loss barriers and habits. Along with understanding the problem and displacing unhealthy eating habits (and those habitual triggers) I think a lot more people would be successful at sustaining weight loss. A very small percentage of people will sustain weight loss (studies put it at 5-20%).

The sayings and weight loss facts are all missing a very large component and that is focusing on how to make weight loss sustainable per individual. No one wants to hear "You are about to embark on one of the most difficult tasks human beings in western society regularly undertake. Your chances of a failure are very high. In order to succeed you will have to learn to be uncomfortable. You will have to dedicate time and real effort to this over a course of years." That said, there are plenty of diet only programs that can sustain weight loss as exercise heavy programs.

http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/82/1/222S.long -- This is a great look at what things are more or less successful over a longer period. One of the most interesting things is that triggers (medical events) are very good at starting and sustaining weight loss. To me this is one of those system shocks that can tilt the balance in favor of "okay, I have to tolerate this lesser discomfort now because I now I will face a much greater and debilitating discomfort in the future". Only, unhealthy eating for most people is almost always a major medical event 10-20 years down the adult road. It takes it being shoved into the forefront of the mind before people take it seriously. Anyway the summary is gold:

"Findings from the registry suggest six key strategies for long-term success at weight loss: 1) engaging in high levels of physical activity; 2) eating a diet that is low in calories and fat; 3) eating breakfast; 4) self-monitoring weight on a regular basis; 5) maintaining a consistent eating pattern; and 6) catching “slips” before they turn into larger regains. Initiating weight loss after a medical event may also help facilitate long-term weight control."

That is it. I think you need to have a plan in mind that incorporates all of these and I think from the outset they should all be a part of your weight loss habits for the most success. My own experience bears this out, having beaten the odds by (unknowingly) doing almost all of these things save for having a medical trigger (I did have a "looking in the mirror" type trigger somewhere after my first son was born and I realized I was an out of shape lazy ass that could never keep up with my kids at the rate I was going). I am pretty passionate about this topic because so much of my family got stuck in the Jenny Craight / Weight Watchers / Atkins -- just do this one thing and lose weight habit and it has never worked. I think folks on hacker news that have high enough emotional intelligence can probably work it out with just food management, but I think long term that is just as hard as trying to exercise out your bad habits. These strategies all go together to address all the areas people are likely to fail creating a safety net to prevent habit relapse.

Re: When somebody loses weight, where does the fat go?

#169
post #15

Earlier quoted context omitted.

200g are what would be "breathed out" in one hour without exercise? So you can only increase your "burn rate" by 20%?

200g is what a typical sedentary person breathes out in a day . You can definitely increase your burn rate by way more than 20% with heavy exercise. A Tour de France bicyclist will burn several thousand calories (4,000-7,000 depending on the stage and rider) in only about six hours. For comparison, a typical sedentary person will burn 2,000-2,500 calories per day. It can be physically difficult to eat enough at that…

Thanks, that was what I wanted to know.

Re: When somebody loses weight, where does the fat go?

#170
post #61

Earlier quoted context omitted.

It's better for HN to let the reader dig for information. It attracts the curious. https://hn.algolia.com/?query=by:dang%20%22work%20a%20little...

I respectfully disagree. The only reason I didn't use the word "clickbait" is because it's apparently the actual title of a scholarly paper. A lot of the titles that turn up in your search are what I'd call clickbait.

It's part of HN's cultural fabric. It'd be a shame to lose it.

A useful exercise: What's the difference between answering the title and writing a tl;dr?

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7789697

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13028168

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