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Building the World’s Smallest Atomic Clock: A Nitrogen Atom in a Carbon Cage

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11–20 of 34 posts

Re: Building the World’s Smallest Atomic Clock: A Nitrogen Atom in a Carbon Cage

#11
post #3

They're shockingly ugly (and expensive) beasts, but you can now get atomic wristwatches. (Actual atomic watches, not the "atomic" kind that simply receives the radio time signal.) https://www.hoptroff.com/collections/atomic-timepieces

Well the pocket watch isn't that bad looking......

Perhaps that's the reason why it's the only model that's sold out.

Re: Building the World’s Smallest Atomic Clock: A Nitrogen Atom in a Carbon Cage

#12
post #5

The description of their "high-pressure liquid chromatography" technique sounds an awful lot like how one would enrich uranium (you know, as one does.) Did they accidentally invent a better uranium enrichment process (or independently reinvent a classified one?) Or is there some difference between {C60, N@C60} and {U235, U238} that makes using HPLC to enrich it impossible?

HPLC separates molecules based on some chemical property. In this case, the N@C60 fullerenes are probably very slightly larger, distorted from pure icosahedral symmetry, or have different electronic structure to the plain C60. Chemically speaking, U235 is probably very much like U238 and the chemical compounds of the isotopes are probably chemically almost identical (since isotopic chemical reactivity depends basically on the so-called kinetic isotope effect, which is larger if there is a large difference in mass between isotopes). HPLC is basically a standard synthetic laboratory procedure and has no relevance (that I know of) to uranium separation aside from purifying bulk chemicals.

Re: Building the World’s Smallest Atomic Clock: A Nitrogen Atom in a Carbon Cage

#13
post #9
post #8

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Nowadays wrist watches rarely have a point besides showing off your wealth.

This is true. I don't actually own one because it is of no use to me.

How do you know what time it is?

Re: Building the World’s Smallest Atomic Clock: A Nitrogen Atom in a Carbon Cage

#15
Hm; tried to revive some primary school-level physics/chemistry knowledge to calculate price-per-molecule or #-of-molecules-per-£. Is my calculation correct, or have I botched it? :)

 Given atomic mass of C is 12.011, of N is 14.007, the molar mass [1] of the fullerene should be:

  M(N@C60) = 14.007 + 60×12.011 [g/mol] = ~734.667 [g/mol]

 Then, given:

  N_A = 6.022140857e23 [1/mol] — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avogadro_constant (number of molecules in 1 mol)

  p_g = 200e6 [£/g] — price per gram given in article

  n = ? [1/£] — number of molecules one would get for £1

 I devised:

  n = N_A / (p_g × M(N@C60)) = [1/mol] / ([£/g] × [g/mol]) = [1/mol] / [£/mol] = [1/£] = 6.022140857e23 / (200e6 × 734.667) [1/£] = ~ 4e12 [1/£] ?

In other words, it seems you could buy ~4'000'000'000'000 molecules for £1 ?

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass

Re: Building the World’s Smallest Atomic Clock: A Nitrogen Atom in a Carbon Cage

#16
post #8
post #7

Earlier quoted context omitted.

That’s impressively small. I had a rubidium frequency standard which was several orders of magnitude larger I.e medium sized hardback book. This used a cesium beam approach. Haven’t seen one of them less than a 2U rack before. Dubious as to the point though as the sources all have a finite operational life, usually a decade or so.

Nowadays wrist watches rarely have a point besides showing off your wealth.

I actually have a Casio watch that is identical to one that I used to have 30 years ago. No frills or whistles. Roughly the same price now as it was back then, too. Under ten pounds.

(this obviously does not contradict your point - I mention it because I like talking)

Re: Building the World’s Smallest Atomic Clock: A Nitrogen Atom in a Carbon Cage

#17

They're shockingly ugly (and expensive) beasts, but you can now get atomic wristwatches. (Actual atomic watches, not the "atomic" kind that simply receives the radio time signal.) https://www.hoptroff.com/collections/atomic-timepieces

One second per millennium accuracy, it says. I wonder how much empirical testing has been done to compare these to traditional quartz watches. A quick Google search puts quartz watches at about 15 seconds per month. I’m sure the atomic oscillator itself is more resistant to everyday variance (like temperature) than quartz, but I wonder if the detector is actually that much more accurate in practice, or if they’re just citing a theoretical number.

Oh well, at the end of the day your clock is still going to vary based on your altitude (distance from Earth’s gravitational field), unless you also correct for that. ;)

Re: Building the World’s Smallest Atomic Clock: A Nitrogen Atom in a Carbon Cage

#18

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> Requires an iPhone or Android phone. Oh my.

For the initial time sync, apparently. I guess if you have an atomic clock on your wrist, you want the time displayed to actually be correct.

I would definitely be willing to pay less for an atomic stopwatch.

Re: Building the World’s Smallest Atomic Clock: A Nitrogen Atom in a Carbon Cage

#19
post #8
post #7

Earlier quoted context omitted.

That’s impressively small. I had a rubidium frequency standard which was several orders of magnitude larger I.e medium sized hardback book. This used a cesium beam approach. Haven’t seen one of them less than a 2U rack before. Dubious as to the point though as the sources all have a finite operational life, usually a decade or so.

Nowadays wrist watches rarely have a point besides showing off your wealth.

It's super interesting how even before phones, knowing the time was so important that we would put it on our wrists.

We have clocks in most places. You could put a clock into your bag. But no, this is so important that we would place this on our wrists for instant access.

Re: Building the World’s Smallest Atomic Clock: A Nitrogen Atom in a Carbon Cage

#20

They're shockingly ugly (and expensive) beasts, but you can now get atomic wristwatches. (Actual atomic watches, not the "atomic" kind that simply receives the radio time signal.) https://www.hoptroff.com/collections/atomic-timepieces

Could atomic clocks provide more accurate GPS positioning for GPS receivers? It’s my understanding that GPS works by measuring tiny differences in the time it takes equivalent signals to reach the receiver from different satellites. It may be the case that other factors (like noise and refraction) dwarf any inaccuracies in the quartz clocks in our everyday GPS receivers.
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