Earlier quoted context omitted.
Yes, it can, but whenever the Service Worker's code changes, the user is warned. There's an "updatefound" event [1] which both the web page and the old Service Worker get. I wrote a blog post with more background info at [2]. Of course, it would be better to only warn the user if the Service Worker changes if it doesn't match the version on GitHub, but that's blocked on [3]. Furthermore, there are some very edge-case…
The concept of Transparent Web Apps (TWA) is an interesting one - more so than AirbornOS itself. Any chance of packaging it (i.e. in the form of library, or make it as a SaaS) to promote adoption? This can enable more TWA and perhaps pivot yourself to become the TWA hub/directory.
A TWA hub sounds interesting. I think that if you have a list of web apps that
1. are a Transparent Web App
2. have had a security audit
you could then add some UI in the browser that says "this web app keeps your data private". That would be useful not just for apps that use client-side encryption, but also very simple web apps, like say word counters. It's very useful for users to know whether the word counter sends their data to the server or not.
Of course, step 2 would be quite expensive, although for simple web apps it would be manageable. It would have to be financed by either the web apps themselves, or some big entity like Mozilla (which for years has had volunteers manually check browser extensions for things like this, too).