The original Hyperloop paper quotes its design pressure as “about 1/6 the pressure of the atmosphere on Mars” [1]. Martian atmospheric pressure is “about 0.6% of Earth's mean sea level pressure” [2]. So 0.1% of Earth’s surface pressure, or a 1,000:1 pressure change. To put that in perspective, the Boeing 787’s GEnx-2B67, the most powerful GEnx engine variant, generates a 43:1 pressure ratio [3]. To get a sense of the…
That said, I have not followed closely enough to know if the hyperloop startups out there are following the original conception or if it has significantly evolved or not. I hear that they've ditched the compressor altogether, but that's got to have a pretty big impact on expected speeds.