Earlier quoted context omitted.
What's strange here is that the 1980s and 1990s were the period of the "lone coder". This was when Microsoft advertised in recruiting that every programmer got a private office with a door they could close. That's in the past. Facebook now has one of the largest bullpens on the planet in Menlo Park, so people can collaborate. Between office layout, "agile", Slack, Github, and StackExchange, programming is more of a s…
maybe the 'women are social and men are loners' trope is the wrong mechanistic explanation for gender disparity among coders. FWIW/anecdata: I know way more women than men who are self-claimed 'introverts' that would stay at home if they could get away with not working, so I would not be in the least surprised if this explanation were a dud.
Based on that, I'll say that measuring actual work in cognitively focused fields is difficult if not impossible.
The entire premise of compensation based on or a requirement built around a given minimum or maximum hours of work is crazy when the actual work that happens is mostly cognitive and not literally constructive. A job of that type practically demands a salaried payout and advancement based on overall project success/contributions (which might be incredibly fuzzy to measure and difficult to prove or compare as facts).