Earlier quoted context omitted.
Many of the valuable projects that we get from FB (AI Research), Amazon (Echo, Kindle, etc.), Google (Brain, Waymo, GMail, Android, etc.), are due to their strong market position and a product that throws off cash. They have this market position because they are the best at what they do. These companies don't have monopolies because of government mandate, they have them because they make the best products. It's frigh…
The fraction of income that goes into research is not that large for the companies that you mention. Lets remember that these are not traditional monopolies, in the sense of Standard Oil. They are much worse, as they are so embedded in the lives of people today. Their status as monopolies will be tolerated by society only as far as they don't exhibit anti-competitive practices.
Amazon: $16.1B
Alphabet: $13.9B
Intel: $12.7B
Microsoft: $12.3B
Apple: $10.0B
For most of these companies, they are spending more than their income on R&D (but less than revenue, of course.)(Recode/FactSet data)