Wonderful articulation.
But I suggest that internet is 'centralized' not due to any technological function, but due to the nature of information, particularly the economics and business of information.
The 'protocol' used to pass information from A-B, were it changed to something better, would not yield what the author is suggesting. Google 'would still have all our stuff' - I believe.
When 'individuals' can 'run services' from a variety of physical locales, with robustness - we will see more decentralization, I think.
I believe this will happen probably by accident, gradually, as 'more tech' creeps into our homes, one day, most people will have enough 'gear' to run some kind of service from home/small office - and other places.
Finally - despite the obvious failings of HTTP ... incumbency is what it is. I'll be we're stuck with it for a very, very long time.
If a powerful enough entity decided to change that - like Google AND Amazon together, or the US Government, or the Chinese Government ... that could change. Funny enough I think it's China that's best positioned to do it. They have the wherewithal and the tech momentum, they could do it by 'fiat' and in 10 years implement some kind of 'new, better network' that we'd all eventually move to.
Hey - America is still using 'swipe cards' and doesn't even use 'smart cards' though they've been in use for 40 years around the world :)