> with most colleagues and acquaintances doing the bare minimum to get by.
The best way to level your skills up fast as a junior developer is to work somewhere where most of your coworkers are skilled and passionate. It sounds like you're not in one of those places (which is normal -- unfortunately most developers aren't). If changing workplaces isn't an option, then your second-best alternative is to get involved with an active, well-run open source project with high code quality[1]. Generally corporate-sponsored projects work best, because they'll have one or more people explicitly in charge of helping community members learn the ropes and be productive, but other large, cohesive projects could work too.
[1]: One of the best things I've done for my career was to get heavily involved with the React Native community a few years ago. I'm not currently using RN directly, but through contributing to it I learned a great deal about software engineering and project management, and it was a nice resume item that helped me land my next job.