I haven't read the Verlinde paper, but wanted to mention one of the papers it apparently builds on. That's Ted Jacobson's remarkable paper showing that gravity is a consequence of (1) thermodynamics and (2) the black hole entropy law. The paper is http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9504004 Sabine Hossenfelder has some useful comments on Verlinde's work here: http://backreaction.blogspot.com/2010/03/gravity-is-entropy-...
I wonder how far the link goes the other way?
One of these days, I want to try to sort out the major results and foundations in the major topics of physics in a big map, showing what has been shown to follow from what. Like the complexity zoology inclusion diagrams (http://www.math.ucdavis.edu/~greg/zoology/diagram.xml), only more general. I have the suspicion that a lot of the proofs of physics are in fact in some important way circular, but based on my first attempts I think I need to a computer to help me track all the logical dependencies.