Does anyone know how they do this scraping from a technical standpoint. The articles allude to it being the same as data Google/Bing spiders, which can clearly access more data that average internet IP for making their result summaries. I had assumed big sites whitelisted specific crawler IP ranges or User-Agents for the search giants. Do they somehow spoof this?
I don't think they do any such thing, if anything they are rotating IPs/user agents to avoid being limited or blocked. Google requires sites to send the crawler the same content as someone clicking a link on a Google results page would see, so even if some sites get creative covering it up with blurred boxes and similar dark patterns, the data is there in the markup.
Not sure how this complies with google's requirements, I suspect if you're big enough you get a custom arrangement. However, that doesn't explain how hiQ are getting the data.