I think one of the biggest challenges in moving from 1v1 to 5v5 is the substantially increased possibility of creative strategies. In a 1v1, there isn't that much room for innovation, making it a perfect target for existing AI techniques, which are good at learning what is "in the data" but have not yet been shown to be capable of thinking outside the box. In contrast, in a 5v5 matchup, a much wider range of strategies is available. I'd imagine that in this more flexible setting, AIs would be highly vulnerable to cheese strategies, or in general strategies they have never seen before. Furthermore, if there are any exploitable quirks in the AI (which seems quite likely, given the established lack of robustness of neural nets), I have no doubt that clever human players will be quick to exploit them. On the flip side, I think that makes 5v5 a far more challenging and interesting goal that would be very exciting if achieved!
As a side note: I think the most impressive aspect of this AI is that it was trained without watching any human games. In contrast, AlphaGo was bootstrapped from a bunch of existing human games, which I imagine was crucial to its training. Being able to learn how to fake out the human player without having seen this action before is quite impressive.