If I may recommend a book that really will make most people change their perspectives it's "The End of Alchemy: Money, Banking, and the Future of the Global Economy" Rarely have I read a book which made me think about a subject I thought I had a pretty good understanding of completely different. And if that is not enough it's probably one of the few books which doesn't have a moral/ethical agenda but merely seeks to…
What other books do you consider as important fundamentals?
The Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins (Evolution)
MindStorms by Seymore Papert (Education)
Structure of Scientific Revolution by Thomas Kuhn (Scientific Method/ Philosophy)
Gödel, Escher, Bach by Douglas R. Hofstadter (Formal Systems)
The Innovators Dilemma by Clayton Christensen (Entrepreneurship)
Innovation and Entrepreneurship Peter F Druckert (Entrepreneurship but most likely because I had a quite crazy experience while reading it)
They are all books written by what I consider careful thinkers i.e. people who are able to avoid confusing what they want the world to be with what they actually observe.
They don't have to be right and can be highly subjective as long as their premise is clear and they are aware of it.