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The Limitations of Deep Learning

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Re: The Limitations of Deep Learning

#171

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Sure they do. The spaces are just augmented with timestep related dimensions.

No they aren't? RNNs have state that gets modified as time goes on. The RNN has to learn what is important to save as state, and how to modify it in response to different inputs. There is no explicit time-stamping.

There is an implicit ordering of timesteps ("before" and "after") though, right? If you have that, you can dispense with an explicit time dimension.

Re: The Limitations of Deep Learning

#172

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Careful, that's the sort of thinking that led to the last 'AI Winter': assuming that if enough rule-based expert systems were built, general-purpose systems could be assembled from them and/or enough could be learned to build general-purpose systems. Now, it is worth noting that DL models are already being assembled together (often with a coordinating DL model to switch between them). This can have the advantage of t…

We can debate, but I don't think another AI winter will happen again in my lifetime. AI work is just earning way too much money for its funding to get cut, and a lot of funding is currently private too.

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Re: The Limitations of Deep Learning

#173

Correct me if I'm wrong but I don't see that with 'deep learning' we have answered/solved any of the philosophical problems of AI that existed 25 years ago (stopped paying attention about then). Yes we have engineered better NN implementations and have more compute power, and thus can solve a broader set of engineering problems with this tool, but is that it?

Yep. The whole machine learning craze is just fueled by the fact that it's now feasible to create models for handwriting/voice/image recognition that actually work reliably. But in terms of the underlying technology, we haven't had some "breakthrough" that explained how the brain works or anything even close to that.

Re: The Limitations of Deep Learning

#174

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Careful, that's the sort of thinking that led to the last 'AI Winter': assuming that if enough rule-based expert systems were built, general-purpose systems could be assembled from them and/or enough could be learned to build general-purpose systems. Now, it is worth noting that DL models are already being assembled together (often with a coordinating DL model to switch between them). This can have the advantage of t…

We can debate, but I don't think another AI winter will happen again in my lifetime. AI work is just earning way too much money for its funding to get cut, and a lot of funding is currently private too.

I wasn't arguing for another AI Winter per-se. My warning was more along the lines of pointing out a potential personal "career winter".

Re: The Limitations of Deep Learning

#175

Earlier quoted context omitted.

My understanding is that innovation comes from reinforcement learning during self-play (rather than supervised learning of pro games), and thus goes against the best moves suggested by AlphaGo's policy network, in turn pushing it towards new options. In a sense, it seems innovation arises when the value network forces the policy network to expand the search space because an apparently unlikely move leads to downstrea…

It's not that simple. The creativity is that the combination of rollouts, policy and value networks allow for more efficient traversal of the search space. Which gets you better exploration of possible paths, meaning more options than a human considered and therefore more creativity.

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Re: The Limitations of Deep Learning

#176
post #5

As someone primarily interested in interpretation of deep models, I strongly resonate with this warning against anthropomorphization of neural networks. Deep learning isn't special; deep models tend to be more accurate than other methods, but fundamentally they aren't much closer to working like the human brain than e.g. gradient boosting models. I think a lot of the issue stems from layman explanations of neural net…

This is only true because we don't know how the brain actually works. But the NN architecture is not unreasonable, it maps structures seen in the brain. Backpropagation is also reasonable to abstract the changes in gene and protein regulation (e.g. how learning could be encoded).

Re: The Limitations of Deep Learning

#177

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Careful, that's the sort of thinking that led to the last 'AI Winter': assuming that if enough rule-based expert systems were built, general-purpose systems could be assembled from them and/or enough could be learned to build general-purpose systems. Now, it is worth noting that DL models are already being assembled together (often with a coordinating DL model to switch between them). This can have the advantage of t…

We can debate, but I don't think another AI winter will happen again in my lifetime. AI work is just earning way too much money for its funding to get cut, and a lot of funding is currently private too.

I'd be surprised to see inductive learning anytime soon. But I definitely see the next generation of AI systems, robots and their implementation across industry. But that will rapidly fill out and then we will still be left with self determination.

Re: The Limitations of Deep Learning

#178

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Students in computer science may implement a perceptron as a homework problem. Students in biology don't do that, nor do they use perceptrons to learn about brains, because perceptrons bear only faint resemblance to biological neurons. Reproducing important biological features of real neurons requires much more complicated software. I'm not denigrating perceptrons or other neuro-inspired approaches to classification.…

But it turns out that they don't have to be. We know that radically different low-level implementations can approximate the same higher-level functions given a large enough network and enough training (eg. half-precision floating point, integer, or even binary ANNs, not to mention the wide variety of activation functions such as relu, sigmoid, tanh, maxout, softmax, etc.), and we've seen increasingly varied ANN archi…

I was disagreeing with someone who wrote that we understand how neurons work and that perceptrons model them "quite well." They do not model biological neurons well at all. I agree that biological fidelity is not important for building useful ANNs.

Re: The Limitations of Deep Learning

#179

There is some good information in there and I agree with the limitations he states, but his conclusion is completely made up. "To lift some of these limitations and start competing with human brains, we need to move away from straightforward input-to-output mappings, and on to reasoning and abstraction." There are tens of thousands of scientists and researchers who are studying the brain from every level and we are m…

I don't think he's talking about literally mimicking how the human brain works. It seems like he's just talking about making neural nets more effective in certain tasks by allowing for more types of abstraction, just like a human brain has more types of abstraction than Artificial Neural Networks do.

Re: The Limitations of Deep Learning

#180
post #162

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> focus a lot of his time on the data itself... from where he intends to collect it? how is it structured? is it reliable? is it "enough"? What's the best books on this subject? I suppose it's a very broad topic and thus more difficult to talk about than a single "neural network" algorithm.

Interested in what part of that you feel needs to be explained in more depth? Not sure reading several books is necessary for explaining data collection and data munging...to me it's definitely something best learned by doing. work in data analysis/stats

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