Even though I don't like Go's explicit error handling, I think this is a very reasonable comment.
I don't like Go's explicit error handling because (1) I think it clutters up your main code path with error-handling logic, and (2) it forces you to always handle errors locally (even if that local code does not have the context to know how to handle the error) or return the error code through multiple layers of functions (back to where it can be handled).
That said, I completely agree that exceptions are also problematic. As you say, you can never really be sure of what exceptions can be thrown. Some languages have a "throw" keyword, in which you're meant to enumerate the list of possible exceptions; but of course, that's a headache to maintain, and is affected by inner code (such as library code) that might be completely out of your control or review. And when should the "throw" keyword be enforced, at compile time or runtime? And what should happen if the "throw" keyword's list of possible exceptions is violated?
Then of course there is the other problem with exceptions, the flip-side to being forced to handle an error locally: As your exception unwinds the stack, it might obliterate some local context that is needed to decide how to handle the error; or it might obliterate some local context that is needed to continue with your original task after the error has been handled!
The most interesting (and least broken) error-handling mechanism I've encountered is Common Lisp's "condition" system: http://www.gigamonkeys.com/book/beyond-exception-handling-co...
I see C++'s `std::set_new_handler` function [0] as C++'s less-capable equivalent to Lisp condition handlers. But the function invoked by `std::set_new_handler` lacks the ability to assess local context to decide how to handle the problem.
[0] http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/new/set_new_handler/
EDIT: I would love to see a language like Nim incorporate something like Lisp's condition system. Nim already offers "procedural types" (function pointers) [1] and closures [2] to capture variables from the enclosing scope. Nim even offers "anonymous procs" [3], to avoid the need to define new error-handling functions everywhere.
[1] https://nim-lang.org/docs/manual.html#types-procedural-type
[2] https://nim-lang.org/docs/manual.html#procedures-closures
[3] https://nim-lang.org/docs/manual.html#procedures-anonymous-p...