The dev team also acknowledges this is a breaking change for the web and considers it an "intervention" according to [3]. This admittedly doesn't mean much, but at least gives some basic standard of procedure that sites can follow to keep impact on a minimum.
Also noteable is this bit from the current discussion: We mitigate this by only throttling timer tasks; other tasks such as loading tasks will continue to run unthrottled.
Sounds to me as if this could mean that IO events are not effected. So sites that currently poll for notifications in the background might work around the throttle but using long polling or web socket push instead.
[1] https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/blink...
[2] https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vCUeGfr2xzZ67SFt2yZjNeaI...