> The idea of using this class of drugs to work longer and harder seems rather counter to the beliefs that originally brought them into the modern consciousness.
For what it's worth, microdosing was popularized in the last few years by James Fadiman... Whose research in the 60s, which originally helped to popularize psychedelics, was on using them to improve work performance.
Obviously this isn't what R. Gordon Wasson was using mushrooms for in the 50s or whatever, but the idea of using psychedelics for work purposes has been around for a while. I think the main thing that's changed is that, with the death of modernism, we've become more cynical about the ability of ideas and technology to improve the human condition.